Proof sketch: a basis is extracted from a spanning family, and the exchange lemma applied in both directions gives equal lengths.
If an -tuple spans , then A Finite Spanning Family Contains a Basis (i) gives and a strictly increasing map such that the -tuple is a basis of . This proves (i).
Now let and be bases of . By Finite Basis of a Vector Space (i) the first is linearly independent and the second spans , so by The Steinitz Exchange Lemma (i). Exchanging the roles of the two bases gives . Hence , which proves (ii).
Loading…