Proof of A Confining Potential and Its Derivative are Continuous and Borel
lemmalem:confining-potential-basic-line-2026aDifferentiability at every point gives continuity of the potential and of its derivative, and continuity for the Euclidean distance of the line gives Borel measurability.
Each result cited is universally quantified over the data in its own statement. Let be either of the functions and .
Claim 1. By claim 1 of One-Dimensional Derivatives, Partial Derivatives, and Smoothness on the Real Line, is an interval and every is an interior point of it. By Confining Potentials on the Real Line §confining, is differentiable at every point of with derivative , and is differentiable at every point of ; so is differentiable at every . Fix . By Differentiability at an Interior Point Implies Continuity There, applied with the interval , the function and the interior point , the function is continuous at relative to , as a map from into with the absolute-value metric on both sides. As was arbitrary, is continuous on , that is, continuous.
Claim 2. By The Euclidean Distance on the Real Line is the Absolute Value Metric, the Euclidean distance of is the absolute-value metric . By claim 1, is therefore continuous for the Euclidean distance of and the absolute-value metric of , and hence Borel by Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation §borel-maps.
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Prerequisites
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