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Proof of A Confining Potential and Its Derivative are Continuous and Borel

lemmalem:confining-potential-basic-line-2026a
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· 1,520 chars · 9 deps · depth 28 Reason: Proof of the new lemma: continuity from differentiability at every point, Borel measurability from continuity.

Differentiability at every point gives continuity of the potential and of its derivative, and continuity for the Euclidean distance of the line gives Borel measurability.

Proof

Each result cited is universally quantified over the data in its own statement. Let ff be either of the functions VV and VV'.

Claim 1. By claim 1 of One-Dimensional Derivatives, Partial Derivatives, and Smoothness on the Real Line, R\mathbb{R} is an interval and every xRx\in\mathbb{R} is an interior point of it. By Confining Potentials on the Real Line §confining, VV is differentiable at every point of R\mathbb{R} with derivative VV', and VV' is differentiable at every point of R\mathbb{R}; so ff is differentiable at every xRx\in\mathbb{R}. Fix xRx\in\mathbb{R}. By Differentiability at an Interior Point Implies Continuity There, applied with the interval I=RI=\mathbb{R}, the function ff and the interior point x0=xx_{0}=x, the function ff is continuous at xx relative to R\mathbb{R}, as a map from R\mathbb{R} into R\mathbb{R} with the absolute-value metric dRd_{\mathbb{R}} on both sides. As xx was arbitrary, ff is continuous on R\mathbb{R}, that is, continuous.

Claim 2. By The Euclidean Distance on the Real Line is the Absolute Value Metric, the Euclidean distance of R1\mathbb{R}^{1} is the absolute-value metric dRd_{\mathbb{R}}. By claim 1, ff is therefore continuous for the Euclidean distance of R1\mathbb{R}^{1} and the absolute-value metric of R\mathbb{R}, and hence Borel by Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation §borel-maps.

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