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Proof of Joint Continuity of Conditional Expectation under Mean-Square Convergence

lemmalem:conditional-expectation-joint-continuity-2026a
Edited byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: Proof of the joint-continuity lemma via linearity, mean-square contraction, and the triangle inequality.

Proof

Fix conditional expectations YnY_n of XnX_n given Gn\mathcal{G}_n for each nNn\in\mathbb{N} and YY of XX given G\mathcal{G}. For each nn, also fix a conditional expectation WnW_n of XX given Gn\mathcal{G}_n, which exists by Existence and Uniqueness of Conditional Expectation for Square-Integrable Random Variables. All norms below are the mean-square norm.

Step 1: Comparison at the same σ\sigma-algebra. By the linearity property (property 1 of Basic Properties of Conditional Expectation for Square-Integrable Random Variables, with coefficients 11 and 1-1), the random variable YnWnY_n-W_n is a conditional expectation of XnXX_n-X given Gn\mathcal{G}_n. By the mean-square contraction property (property 6 of Basic Properties of Conditional Expectation for Square-Integrable Random Variables),

YnWn2XnX2.\lVert Y_n-W_n\rVert_{2}\le\lVert X_n-X\rVert_{2}.

Step 2: Comparison of the σ\sigma-algebras at the fixed variable XX. Since (Gn)nN(\mathcal{G}_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}} converges in mean square to G\mathcal{G}, applying that definition to the square-integrable random variable XX and to the choices WnW_n and YY gives that the real sequence (WnY2)nN(\lVert W_n-Y\rVert_{2})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} has limit 00.

Step 3: Conclusion. By the triangle inequality applied to YnY=(YnWn)+(WnY)Y_n-Y=(Y_n-W_n)+(W_n-Y), together with Step 1,

YnY2YnWn2+WnY2XnX2+WnY2.\lVert Y_n-Y\rVert_{2}\le\lVert Y_n-W_n\rVert_{2}+\lVert W_n-Y\rVert_{2}\le\lVert X_n-X\rVert_{2}+\lVert W_n-Y\rVert_{2}.

Given a real ε>0\varepsilon>0, the hypothesis XnX20\lVert X_n-X\rVert_{2}\to0 and Step 2 provide N1,N2NN_1,N_2\in\mathbb{N} with XnX2<ε/2\lVert X_n-X\rVert_{2}<\varepsilon/2 for nN1n\ge N_1 and WnY2<ε/2\lVert W_n-Y\rVert_{2}<\varepsilon/2 for nN2n\ge N_2; hence YnY2<ε\lVert Y_n-Y\rVert_{2}<\varepsilon for all nmax(N1,N2)n\ge\max(N_1,N_2). Since ε>0\varepsilon>0 was arbitrary, (YnY2)nN(\lVert Y_n-Y\rVert_{2})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} has limit 00 in the sense of Limit of a Sequence of Real Numbers. \blacksquare

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