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Proof of Wiener Integrals Against a Vector Brownian Motion are Jointly Gaussian

theoremthm:vector-wiener-integral-gaussian-2026a
Edited byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: Kalman-Bucy phase Block A: proof combining per-component Wiener-Gaussian structure with the independent-families lemma; internally reviewed and validated; batch-approved by Aaron on 2026-07-31.

Proof

Part 1. Fix jj, s>0s>0, and continuous f:[0,s]Rf:[0,s]\to\mathbb{R}. By the specification in the statement, the Wiener integral is the It^{o} integral of the constant family (f(u))u(0,s](f(u))_{u\in(0,s]} with respect to the It^{o} integrator (Wj,1)(W^{j},1) of Brownian Motion is an Ito Integrator with Unit Intensity, taken with respect to the natural filtration (FtWj)t0(\mathcal{F}^{W^{j}}_t)_{t\ge0} of WjW^{j}, and by Ito Integrable Process and the Ito Integral a version may be chosen FsWj\mathcal{F}^{W^{j}}_{s}-measurable, where FsWj=σ(Wuj:0us)\mathcal{F}^{W^{j}}_{s}=\sigma(W^{j}_u:0\le u\le s). Since the generating events of FsWj\mathcal{F}^{W^{j}}_{s} lie in σ(Wtj:t0)\sigma(W^{j}_t:t\ge0), minimality of the generated σ\sigma-algebra gives FsWjσ(Wtj:t0)\mathcal{F}^{W^{j}}_{s}\subseteq\sigma(W^{j}_t:t\ge0), proving claim 1.

Part 2. First take, for every jj, ss, ff, the σ(Wtj:t0)\sigma(W^{j}_t:t\ge0)-measurable versions of claim 1. For each fixed jj, claim 3 of Wiener Integrals of Continuous Functions are Jointly Gaussian states that the family Γj\Gamma_j consisting of all WtjW^{j}_t (t0t\ge0) and all Wiener integrals against WjW^{j} is jointly Gaussian; moreover every member of Γj\Gamma_j is measurable with respect to Aj=σ(Wtj:t0)\mathcal{A}_j=\sigma(W^{j}_t:t\ge0), so the σ\sigma-algebra generated by the members of Γj\Gamma_j is contained in Aj\mathcal{A}_j by minimality. The σ\sigma-algebras A1,,Am\mathcal{A}_1,\dots,\mathcal{A}_m are independent by property (ii) of Vector Brownian Motion, and sub-σ\sigma-algebras of independent σ\sigma-algebras are independent directly from Sigma-Algebra Generated by Random Variables and Independence of Sigma-Algebras: the defining product identity is demanded there for a smaller collection of admissible events. Hence Independent Jointly Gaussian Families are Jointly Gaussian applies to the groups Γ1,,Γm\Gamma_1,\dots,\Gamma_m (with the index sets declared in the statement, whose disjoint union over jj is the index set of claim 2): the combined family is jointly Gaussian.

Centering: each Wiener integral has expectation 00 and each WtjW^{j}_t with t>0t>0 satisfies Wtj=0t1dWujW^{j}_t=\int_0^t1\,dW^{j}_u almost surely, hence also E[Wtj]=0\mathbb{E}[W^{j}_t]=0, by claims 1 and 2 of Wiener Integrals of Continuous Functions are Jointly Gaussian; and W0j=0W^j_0=0 almost surely by property (i) of Standard Brownian Motion, so E[W0j]=0\mathbb{E}[W^j_0]=0.

For arbitrary versions: any version differs from the measurable version by almost-sure equality, and a family obtained from a jointly Gaussian family by replacing members with almost surely equal random variables is jointly Gaussian with the same expectations and covariances, by Almost Sure Modifications of Gaussian Random Vectors are Gaussian (applied to each finite subfamily). This proves claim 2.

Part 3. For i=ji=j and s,t>0s,t>0 the covariance formulas are exactly those of claim 2 of Wiener Integrals of Continuous Functions are Jointly Gaussian, using Wtj=0t1dWujW^{j}_t=\int_0^t1\,dW^{j}_u almost surely (claim 1 there) for the mixed and pure Brownian cases, covariances being unchanged under almost-sure replacement; in particular Cov(Wsi,Wtj)=0min(s,t)1du=min(s,t)\operatorname{Cov}(W^i_{s'},W^j_t)=\int_0^{\min(s',t)}1\,du=\min(s',t) for s,t>0s',t>0. For the cases with a time equal to 00: W0j=0W^j_0=0 almost surely, and the covariance of a square-integrable random variable with an almost surely vanishing one is 00, matching 00=0\int_0^0=0 and min(0,t)=0\min(0,t)=0 under the stated convention. For iji\ne j, the two random variables belong to distinct groups Γi\Gamma_i and Γj\Gamma_j of Part 2 (after almost-sure replacement by measurable versions, which changes no covariance), and members of distinct groups are uncorrelated by the covariance statement of Independent Jointly Gaussian Families are Jointly Gaussian. \blacksquare

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