TheoremBase

The lemmas on the construction, addition and order, and multiplication of Dedekind cuts show that the real numbers form an ordered field in which every nonempty set bounded above has a supremum; the map sending a rational number u to its cut u* preserves one, sums and products, so by uniqueness it is the canonical embedding, and κ sends u to u*.

Proof

By The Real Numbers §reals, R=C\mathbb{R}=C with CC as in Construction of the Dedekind Cuts: They Form a Set Totally Ordered by Inclusion, Closed under Sums, Negatives and Products of Nonnegative Cuts, and ≤\le is ≤C\le_{C}; ⊖\ominus is as in that lemma. R\mathbb{R} is a set by Construction of the Dedekind Cuts: They Form a Set Totally Ordered by Inclusion, Closed under Sums, Negatives and Products of Nonnegative Cuts §set; ++ and ⋅\cdot are binary operations on R\mathbb{R} by The Real Numbers §operations; 0R,1R∈R0_{\mathbb{R}},1_{\mathbb{R}}\in\mathbb{R} by The Real Numbers §constants; and ≤\le is a total order on R\mathbb{R} by Construction of the Dedekind Cuts: They Form a Set Totally Ordered by Inclusion, Closed under Sums, Negatives and Products of Nonnegative Cuts §order. Let x,y,z∈Rx,y,z\in\mathbb{R}.

Clause ordered-field. Commutative ring. The identities (x+y)+z=x+(y+z)(x+y)+z=x+(y+z), x+y=y+xx+y=y+x and x+0R=xx+0_{\mathbb{R}}=x hold by Addition and Order of Dedekind Cuts: an Ordered Abelian Group in Which Every Nonempty Set Bounded Above Has a Supremum §group, and (x⋅y)⋅z=x⋅(y⋅z)(x\cdot y)\cdot z=x\cdot(y\cdot z), x⋅y=y⋅xx\cdot y=y\cdot x, x⋅1R=xx\cdot1_{\mathbb{R}}=x and x⋅(y+z)=x⋅y+x⋅zx\cdot(y+z)=x\cdot y+x\cdot z hold by Multiplication of Dedekind Cuts: Associativity, Commutativity, Unit, Distributivity, Reciprocals and Nonnegative Products §ring. For the additive inverse take w=⊖xw=\ominus x, which lies in R\mathbb{R} by Construction of the Dedekind Cuts: They Form a Set Totally Ordered by Inclusion, Closed under Sums, Negatives and Products of Nonnegative Cuts §negative and satisfies x+w=0Rx+w=0_{\mathbb{R}} by Addition and Order of Dedekind Cuts: an Ordered Abelian Group in Which Every Nonempty Set Bounded Above Has a Supremum §group. So R\mathbb{R}, with ++, ⋅\cdot, 0R0_{\mathbb{R}} and 1R1_{\mathbb{R}}, is a commutative ring.

Field. 0R≠1R0_{\mathbb{R}}\neq1_{\mathbb{R}} by Multiplication of Dedekind Cuts: Associativity, Commutativity, Unit, Distributivity, Reciprocals and Nonnegative Products §nontrivial, and every x∈Rx\in\mathbb{R} with x≠0Rx\neq0_{\mathbb{R}} has some w∈Rw\in\mathbb{R} with x⋅w=1Rx\cdot w=1_{\mathbb{R}} by Multiplication of Dedekind Cuts: Associativity, Commutativity, Unit, Distributivity, Reciprocals and Nonnegative Products §reciprocal. So R\mathbb{R} is a field.

Ordered field. If x≤yx\le y, then x+z≤y+zx+z\le y+z by Addition and Order of Dedekind Cuts: an Ordered Abelian Group in Which Every Nonempty Set Bounded Above Has a Supremum §order; if 0R≤x0_{\mathbb{R}}\le x and 0R≤y0_{\mathbb{R}}\le y, then 0R≤x⋅y0_{\mathbb{R}}\le x\cdot y by Multiplication of Dedekind Cuts: Associativity, Commutativity, Unit, Distributivity, Reciprocals and Nonnegative Products §nonnegative. So R\mathbb{R}, with ++, ⋅\cdot, 0R0_{\mathbb{R}}, 1R1_{\mathbb{R}} and ≤\le, is an ordered ring, and, being a field, an ordered field.

Clause supremum. Let ss be a subset of R\mathbb{R} other than the empty set that is bounded above. By Addition and Order of Dedekind Cuts: an Ordered Abelian Group in Which Every Nonempty Set Bounded Above Has a Supremum §complete, ⋃s∈R\bigcup s\in\mathbb{R} is the supremum of ss, so ss has a supremum.

Clause rationals. By Construction of the Dedekind Cuts: They Form a Set Totally Ordered by Inclusion, Closed under Sums, Negatives and Products of Nonnegative Cuts §rational, u∗∈Ru^{*}\in\mathbb{R} for every u∈Qu\in\mathbb{Q}; Q\mathbb{Q} is a set (The Rational Numbers §rationals) and so is R\mathbb{R}. Hence, by Maps and Relations Given by Formulas §map, there is a map φ:Q→R\varphi:\mathbb{Q}\to\mathbb{R} with φ(u)=u∗\varphi(u)=u^{*} for every u∈Qu\in\mathbb{Q}. It satisfies φ(1)=1∗=1R\varphi(1)=1^{*}=1_{\mathbb{R}} by The Real Numbers §constants, and, for all u,v∈Qu,v\in\mathbb{Q}, φ(u+v)=(u+v)∗=u∗+v∗=φ(u)+φ(v)\varphi(u+v)=(u+v)^{*}=u^{*}+v^{*}=\varphi(u)+\varphi(v) by Addition and Order of Dedekind Cuts: an Ordered Abelian Group in Which Every Nonempty Set Bounded Above Has a Supremum §rational-sum and φ(u⋅v)=(u⋅v)∗=u∗⋅v∗=φ(u)⋅φ(v)\varphi(u\cdot v)=(u\cdot v)^{*}=u^{*}\cdot v^{*}=\varphi(u)\cdot\varphi(v) by Multiplication of Dedekind Cuts: Associativity, Commutativity, Unit, Distributivity, Reciprocals and Nonnegative Products §rational (sums and products on the left in Q\mathbb{Q}, on the right in R\mathbb{R}, as The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion §overloading allows). By clause ordered-field, The Rational Numbers Embed in Exactly One Way into Every Ordered Field §unique applies to R\mathbb{R}: there is exactly one map Q→R\mathbb{Q}\to\mathbb{R} preserving 11, sums and products. The canonical embedding κR\kappa_{\mathbb{R}} is that map by The Canonical Embedding of the Rational Numbers into an Ordered Field §embedding, and φ\varphi is such a map, so κR=φ\kappa_{\mathbb{R}}=\varphi, and κR(u)=u∗\kappa_{\mathbb{R}}(u)=u^{*} for every u∈Qu\in\mathbb{Q}.

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