The origin is the zero multiple 0x by the pointwise scalar-multiple rules, so linearity of the dot product in its first argument gives 0(x·x)=0.
The operations and the origin of are the operations of Pointwise Operations on Real-Valued Maps (i) and the constant map of Pointwise Operations on Real-Valued Maps (ii) with , by Euclidean Space : n-Tuples of Real Numbers with Their Componentwise Operations (iv) and Euclidean Space : n-Tuples of Real Numbers with Their Componentwise Operations (v). Hence Rules for Pointwise Operations on Real-Valued Maps: a Commutative Ring, Scalar Multiples and Evaluation (iv), with and , gives . The scalar rule of The Dot Product on Is Symmetric, Bilinear and Positive Definite (ii), applied with as the multiplied vector, and , then gives
Finally by Arithmetic and Order Rules in the Real Numbers, Stated for ℝ (vii) ( being a real number by The Dot Product on (i)), so , which is (i).
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