The Expansion of the Square and the Fourth Power of a Sum of Real Numbers
lemmaAnalysisAlgebralem:fourth-power-binomial-real-2026aThe square of a sum of two real numbers expands as the usual three terms, and the fourth power as the five terms with coefficients one, four, six, four and one.
In the setting of The Real Numbers: Standing Notation and Background, let . Natural powers of a real number are those fixed in The Real Numbers: Standing Notation and Background §numbers, so that , and by claim 1 of Properties of Natural Number Powers in a Field, the natural numbers , and being the successors of , and respectively. Read in through the canonical map, those natural numbers together with satisfy
by claims 1 and 4 of Properties of the Canonical Map from the Natural Numbers to an Ordered Field, and it is these real numbers that appear as coefficients below. Then the following hold.
1. (The square of a sum)¶
2. (The fourth power of a sum)¶
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