The Mean Distance Between the Mollified Empirical Measure and the Mollified Measure
lemmaAnalysisProbabilitylem:mollified-empirical-fluctuation-euclidean-2026aFor N particles drawn from the tensor power of a measure mu with finite second moment, the expected Lebesgue distance between the mollified empirical measure and the mollified measure at scale eps <= 1 is at most the square root of S plus 2 , for every radius R > 1.
In the setting of Wasserstein Spaces, Random Vectors, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices in Every Dimension: Standing Notation, whose probability space is not used, let be the dimension of that setting and let . Let be Lebesgue measure on , and let , where is the zero vector of , be the normalising constant of closed balls. The letter , which denotes vector fields in Wasserstein Spaces, Random Vectors, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices in Every Dimension: Standing Notation §fields, denotes here a mollifier kernel of radius on . Let be a positive real number with for every (such an exists by Mollifying a Probability Measure on Euclidean Space: Kernel Bounds, the Translation Estimate, the Mollified Density and Its Cost §kernel), let with , and for let be the mollified density of formed with the rescaled kernel of Mollifying a Probability Measure on Euclidean Space: Kernel Bounds, the Translation Estimate, the Mollified Density and Its Cost. Let with second moment , let be its tensor power, and for let be the empirical measure of , tensor powers and empirical measures being read with their dimension parameter equal to . Let be a real number with . The natural numbers and occurring as real factors are read through the canonical map, powers with natural exponent are those of Natural Number Power of an Element of a Field, is the multiplicative inverse of a real , and is the nonnegative square root of Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation §spaces.
(Fluctuation bound)¶ The function ,
is measurable with respect to the product -algebra ; the function is Borel on with values in ; and
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