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Riemann's Criterion for Integrability, and the Integral Lies between Lower and Upper Sums

A bounded function on [a,b] is Riemann integrable exactly when, for every positive epsilon, some partition has upper and lower sums less than epsilon apart; and the integral of an integrable function lies between the lower and the upper sum of every partition.

Statement

In the setting of The Real Line: Standing Notation and Background for Calculus on Intervals, let a,b∈Ra,b\in\mathbb{R} with a<ba<b, and let f:[a,b]→Rf:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} be bounded: there is B∈RB\in\mathbb{R} with ∣f(t)∣≤B|f(t)|\le B for every t∈[a,b]t\in[a,b]. Let partitions of [a,b][a,b] be as in Partitions of a Closed Interval, the Set of Partitions, and Refinements (i), let U(f,P)U(f,P) and L(f,P)L(f,P) be the upper sum and the lower sum of ff with respect to a partition PP, and let Riemann integrability on [a,b][a,b] and the integral ∫abf\int_{a}^{b}f be as in The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals.

ff is Riemann integrable on [a,b][a,b] if and only if for every real ε>0\varepsilon>0 there is a partition PP of [a,b][a,b] with U(f,P)−L(f,P)<εU(f,P)-L(f,P)<\varepsilon.

If ff is Riemann integrable on [a,b][a,b], then L(f,P)≤∫abf≤U(f,P)L(f,P)\le\int_{a}^{b}f\le U(f,P) for every partition PP of [a,b][a,b].

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