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Borel-Cantelli Lemmas

lemmaProbabilitylem:borel-cantelli-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: Initial published version; Phase 1, approved by Aaron. Proof to follow. · 803 chars · 5 deps · depth 10

Statement

Let (Ω,F,P)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P) be a probability space and let (Am)mN(A_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} be a sequence of events. Define

lim supmAm=kN mkAm,\limsup_{m}A_m=\bigcap_{k\in\mathbb{N}}\ \bigcup_{m\ge k}A_m,

an event by the closure properties of Sigma-Algebra and Measurable Space; it consists of exactly those ωΩ\omega\in\Omega that belong to AmA_m for infinitely many mm.

First Borel–Cantelli lemma. If mP(Am)<\sum_{m}P(A_m)<\infty (sum as in Measure, Measure Space, and Probability Measure), then

P(lim supmAm)=0.P\Bigl(\limsup_m A_m\Bigr)=0.

Second Borel–Cantelli lemma. If the events (Am)(A_m) are independent and mP(Am)=\sum_m P(A_m)=\infty, then

P(lim supmAm)=1.P\Bigl(\limsup_m A_m\Bigr)=1.
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