TheoremBase

Borel-Cantelli Lemmas

If the probabilities of a sequence of events have a finite sum, almost surely only finitely many of the events occur; if the events are independent and the sum is infinite, almost surely infinitely many occur.

Statement

In the setting of Probability Spaces: Notation, let (Ak)k∈N(A_{k})_{k\in\mathbb{N}} be a sequence of events.

First Borel–Cantelli lemma. If ∑k∈NP(Ak)<∞\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}}P(A_{k})<\infty, the sum taken in [0,∞][0,\infty], then

P({Ak infinitely often})=0.P(\{A_{k}\text{ infinitely often}\})=0.

Second Borel–Cantelli lemma. If the events AkA_{k}, k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N}, are independent and ∑k∈NP(Ak)=∞\sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}}P(A_{k})=\infty, then

P({Ak infinitely often})=1.P(\{A_{k}\text{ infinitely often}\})=1.

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