Let $V$ together with $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ be a \reftext{def:complex-inner-product-space-2026a}{complex inner product space} and let $u,v\in V$. Then, with the \reftext{def:complex-modulus-2026a}{modulus} of a complex number,

an inequality between \reftext{def:real-numbers-c54-2026c}{real numbers}, the two factors on the right being nonnegative real numbers by condition 4 of \ref{def:complex-inner-product-space-2026a}.