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Rules of Order in an Ordered Ring: Differences, Sums, Negatives, Products and Squares

The basic rules of order in an ordered ring: comparison through differences, adding and negating inequalities, multiplying by nonnegative or nonpositive elements, the signs of products, nonnegativity of squares and of 1, and multiplying inequalities between nonnegative elements.

Statement

In the setting of Sets and Maps: Ordinary Notation, let RR, with ++, ⋅\cdot, 00, 11 and a total order ≤\le with strict relation <<, be an ordered ring, with negatives and differences as in Negatives, Differences, Reciprocals and Quotients §negative. Let x,y,z,w∈Rx,y,z,w\in R.

x≤yx\le y if and only if 0≤y−x0\le y-x, and x<yx<y if and only if 0<y−x0<y-x.

x≤yx\le y if and only if x+z≤y+zx+z\le y+z, and x<yx<y if and only if x+z<y+zx+z<y+z. If x≤yx\le y and z≤wz\le w, then x+z≤y+wx+z\le y+w; if moreover x<yx<y, then x+z<y+wx+z<y+w.

x≤yx\le y if and only if −y≤−x-y\le-x, and x<yx<y if and only if −y<−x-y<-x.

If x≤yx\le y and 0≤z0\le z, then x⋅z≤y⋅zx\cdot z\le y\cdot z; if x≤yx\le y and z≤0z\le0, then y⋅z≤x⋅zy\cdot z\le x\cdot z.

If x≤0≤yx\le0\le y, then x⋅y≤0x\cdot y\le0; if x≤0x\le0 and y≤0y\le0, then 0≤x⋅y0\le x\cdot y.

0≤x⋅x0\le x\cdot x and 0≤10\le1; if 0≠10\neq1, then 0<10<1.

If 0≤x≤y0\le x\le y and 0≤z≤w0\le z\le w, then x⋅z≤y⋅wx\cdot z\le y\cdot w.

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