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Products over Finite Sets: a Single Factor, Vanishing in a Field, and Signs and Monotonicity in an Ordered Ring

A product over a finite set whose factors are all 1 but one equals that factor; in a field it vanishes exactly when a factor does; and in an ordered ring it is nonnegative for nonnegative factors and monotone in them.

Statement

In the setting of Commutative Rings, Fields and Ordered Fields: Standard Notation, let AA be a finite set.

Let RR, with ++, ⋅\cdot, 00 and 11, be a commutative ring, and let f:A→Rf:A\to R.

If x0∈Ax_{0}\in A and f(x)=1f(x)=1 for every x∈Ax\in A with x≠x0x\neq x_{0}, then ∏x∈Af(x)=f(x0)\prod_{x\in A}f(x)=f(x_{0}).

If RR is a field, then ∏x∈Af(x)=0\prod_{x\in A}f(x)=0 if and only if f(x)=0f(x)=0 for some x∈Ax\in A.

Let now RR, with a total order ≤\le, be an ordered ring, and let u,v:A→Ru,v:A\to R.

If u(x)≥0u(x)\ge0 for every x∈Ax\in A, then ∏x∈Au(x)≥0\prod_{x\in A}u(x)\ge0.

If 0≤u(x)≤v(x)0\le u(x)\le v(x) for every x∈Ax\in A, then ∏x∈Au(x)≤∏x∈Av(x)\prod_{x\in A}u(x)\le\prod_{x\in A}v(x).

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