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Wiener Integrals Against a Vector Brownian Motion are Jointly Gaussian

theoremProbabilitythm:vector-wiener-integral-gaussian-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: Kalman-Bucy phase Block A: joint Gaussianity and covariance structure of Wiener integrals against a vector Brownian motion; internally reviewed and validated; batch-approved by Aaron on 2026-07-31.

Statement

Let (Ω,F,P)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P) be a probability space, let m1m\ge1 be a natural number, and let W=(W1,,Wm)W=(W^{1},\dots,W^{m}) be an mm-dimensional Brownian motion on (Ω,F,P)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P). For each component index jj, each real s>0s>0, and each continuous f:[0,s]Rf:[0,s]\to\mathbb{R}, let 0sf(u)dWuj\int_0^{s}f(u)\,dW^{j}_u denote a Wiener integral of ff with respect to the standard Brownian motion WjW^{j}, that is, the It^{o} integral of (f(u))u(0,s](f(u))_{u\in(0,s]} with respect to the It^{o} integrator (Wj,1)(W^{j},1) of Brownian Motion is an Ito Integrator with Unit Intensity, taken with respect to the natural filtration of WjW^{j}.

1. (Measurable versions) For each jj, ss, and ff as above, some version of 0sf(u)dWuj\int_0^{s}f(u)\,dW^{j}_u is measurable with respect to the generated σ\sigma-algebra σ(Wtj:t0)\sigma(W^{j}_t:t\ge0); indeed one may choose a version measurable with respect to σ(Wuj:0us)\sigma(W^{j}_u:0\le u\le s).

2. (Joint Gaussianity) For every choice of versions, the family consisting of all the random variables WtjW^{j}_t (1jm1\le j\le m, t0t\ge0) together with all the Wiener integrals 0sf(u)dWuj\int_0^{s}f(u)\,dW^{j}_u (over all 1jm1\le j\le m, all real s>0s>0, and all continuous f:[0,s]Rf:[0,s]\to\mathbb{R}), indexed by the disjoint union of the set of pairs (j,t)(j,t) and the set of triples (j,s,f)(j,s,f), is jointly Gaussian, and all its members have expectation zero, the expectations being defined and finite by Square-Integrability, Moments, and Covariance Matrix of a Gaussian Random Vector.

3. (Covariances) With the covariance of square-integrable random variables (defined and finite by Square-Integrability, Moments, and Covariance Matrix of a Gaussian Random Vector), the Riemann integral (existing by Continuous Functions on a Closed Interval are Riemann Integrable), and the convention that an integral over the degenerate interval [0,0][0,0] equals 00: for all component indices i,ji,j, all reals s,t>0s,t>0, and all continuous f:[0,s]Rf:[0,s]\to\mathbb{R} and g:[0,t]Rg:[0,t]\to\mathbb{R},

Cov(0sf(u)dWui, 0tg(u)dWuj)={0min(s,t)f(u)g(u)du,i=j,0,ij,\operatorname{Cov}\Bigl(\int_0^{s}f(u)\,dW^{i}_u,\ \int_0^{t}g(u)\,dW^{j}_u\Bigr)=\begin{cases}\displaystyle\int_0^{\min(s,t)}f(u)\,g(u)\,du, & i=j,\\ 0, & i\ne j,\end{cases}

and, now allowing also t0t\ge0 and s0s'\ge0: Cov(Wti,0sf(u)dWuj)\operatorname{Cov}\bigl(W^{i}_t,\int_0^{s}f(u)\,dW^{j}_u\bigr) equals 0min(s,t)f(u)du\int_0^{\min(s,t)}f(u)\,du when i=ji=j and equals 00 when iji\ne j, and Cov(Wsi,Wtj)\operatorname{Cov}(W^{i}_{s'},W^{j}_t) equals min(s,t)\min(s',t) when i=ji=j and 00 when iji\ne j.

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