The Coordinate Fields of a Coupling, and the Second Moment as a Lipschitz Function of the Wasserstein Distance
lemmaAnalysisProbabilitylem:second-moment-wasserstein-2026aFor a coupling of two probability measures with finite second moment, the two coordinate projections are square-integrable vector fields against the coupling whose squared norms are the two second moments and whose squared distance is the quadratic cost; consequently the square root of the second moment is Lipschitz with constant one for the Wasserstein distance, and the second moment is bounded on every Wasserstein ball.
In the setting of Plans, Marginals, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices on the Wasserstein Space: Standing Notation, let satisfy , and let , the second moment , the Wasserstein space , the couplings with their quadratic cost , the distance and the spaces being those fixed in Plans, Marginals, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices on the Wasserstein Space: Standing Notation §dimensions and Plans, Marginals, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices on the Wasserstein Space: Standing Notation §fields. Write for the coordinate projections of . Then the following hold.
1. (The coordinate fields of a coupling)¶ Let . Then the classes of and belong to , and
2. (Lipschitz bound)¶
3. (Bound on a Wasserstein ball)¶ If is nonnegative and , then
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