TheoremBase

Bounded Lower Semicontinuous Functions are Increasing Limits of Lipschitz Functions

Statement

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space with XX nonempty, let MM be a real number with 0≤M0\le M, and let f:X→Rf:X\to\mathbb{R} be lower semicontinuous on XX with 0≤f(x)≤M0\le f(x)\le M for every x∈Xx\in X. For k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} let λk=ι(k)\lambda_k=\iota(k), where ι\iota is the canonical map from N\mathbb{N} to R\mathbb{R}, and define fk:X→Rf_k:X\to\mathbb{R} by

fk(x)=inf⁡{f(y)+λk d(x,y)  :  y∈X}(x∈X).f_k(x)=\inf\bigl\{f(y)+\lambda_k\,d(x,y)\;:\;y\in X\bigr\}\qquad(x\in X).

1. For every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} and every x∈Xx\in X the infimum above exists in R\mathbb{R}, and 0≤fk(x)≤f(x)≤M0\le f_k(x)\le f(x)\le M.

2. For every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} the function fkf_k is Lipschitz with constant λk\lambda_k, as a map from (X,d)(X,d) to R\mathbb{R} equipped with the absolute-value metric, and is therefore continuous on XX.

3. For every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} and every x∈Xx\in X, fk(x)≤fk+1(x)f_k(x)\le f_{k+1}(x).

4. For every x∈Xx\in X the sequence (fk(x))k∈N(f_k(x))_{k\in\mathbb{N}} converges to f(x)f(x), and f(x)f(x) is the least upper bound of the set {fk(x):k∈N}\{f_k(x):k\in\mathbb{N}\}.

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