TheoremBase

The Relation, Operations, Order and Embedding Defining the Rational Numbers Exist

The relation of equal ratios on pairs of an integer and a natural number exists and is unique; the sum, product, negation and order on the rational numbers are a binary operation, a map and a relation with their defining values; and the embedding of the integers is the unique map x to [x, 1].

Statement

In the setting of The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion, let Z\mathbb{Z}, its operations and order, and ι\iota be as in The Integers §integers, The Integers §operations and The Integers §embedding; let Q=Z×NQ=\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}, ≈\approx and [x,m][x,m] be as in Construction of the Rationals: Pairs of an Integer and a Natural Number up to Equal Ratios, with Sum, Product, Negation and Order §equivalence; and let Q\mathbb{Q}, its sum ++, product ⋅\cdot, negation −- and order ≤\le, and jj be as in The Rational Numbers §rationals, The Rational Numbers §operations and The Rational Numbers §embedding.

There is exactly one relation RR on QQ such that, for all x,y∈Zx,y\in\mathbb{Z} and m,n∈Nm,n\in\mathbb{N}, ((x,m),(y,n))∈R((x,m),(y,n))\in R if and only if x ι(n)=y ι(m)x\,\iota(n)=y\,\iota(m); and ≈\approx is this relation.

++ and ⋅\cdot are binary operations on Q\mathbb{Q}, u↦−uu\mapsto-u is a map from Q\mathbb{Q} to Q\mathbb{Q}, and ≤\le is a relation on Q\mathbb{Q}, such that, for all x,y∈Zx,y\in\mathbb{Z} and m,n∈Nm,n\in\mathbb{N},

[x,m]+[y,n]=[x ι(n)+y ι(m),mn],[x,m]⋅[y,n]=[xy,mn],−[x,m]=[−x,m],[x,m]≤[y,n]  ⟺  x ι(n)≤y ι(m).[x,m]+[y,n]=[x\,\iota(n)+y\,\iota(m),mn],\quad[x,m]\cdot[y,n]=[xy,mn],\quad-[x,m]=[-x,m],\quad[x,m]\le[y,n]\iff x\,\iota(n)\le y\,\iota(m).

jj is a map from Z\mathbb{Z} to Q\mathbb{Q} with j(x)=[x,1]j(x)=[x,1] for every x∈Zx\in\mathbb{Z}, and it is the only such map.

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