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Sequential Characterization of the Closure in a Metric Space

lemmaAnalysisTopologylem:closure-sequential-characterization-metric-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: First published version: membership in the closure of a subset of a metric space is equivalent to being the limit of a sequence in that subset.

Statement

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space, and let Td\mathcal{T}_d be the collection of all subsets of XX that are open in (X,d)(X,d), which is a topology on XX by Metric Open Sets Form a Topology. Let AXA\subseteq X, let xXx\in X, and let N\mathbb{N} denote the natural numbers.

Then xx belongs to the closure clX(A)\operatorname{cl}_X(A) of AA in (X,Td)(X,\mathcal{T}_d) if and only if there exists a sequence (am)mN(a_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} in XX such that amAa_m\in A for every mNm\in\mathbb{N} and such that (am)mN(a_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} converges to xx in (X,d)(X,d).

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