For a positive definite covariance matrix Σ, the Gaussian law N(m,Σ) on has the density (2π)^{-k/2} (det Σ)^{-1/2} exp(-(x-m)·Σ^{-1}(x-m)/2) with respect to Lebesgue measure.
In the setting of Gaussian Random Vectors: Standing Notation, let , let , and let be positive definite, with inverse (Invertibility of Positive Definite Matrices (i)) and determinant (The Determinant of a Positive Definite Matrix Is Positive (i)). Let be the exponential function, the number of The Number Pi (i), the square root of a nonnegative real number ( by Quarter-Turn Identities and Periodicity of Sine and Cosine (i)), and the function
The Gaussian density. The Gaussian law ( is positive semidefinite, Rules for Symmetric and Positive Semidefinite Matrices: Closure, Self-Adjointness, Polarization, Congruence and Cones (x)) is the measure with density with respect to :
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