Almost Sure Convergence, Convergence in Probability, and Convergence in Distribution
definitionProbabilitydef:convergence-modes-2026bLet and be random variables on a common probability space (for convergence in distribution, a common space is not required).
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converges to almost surely if there is an event with such that for every the sequence converges to in the sense of Limit of a Sequence of Real Numbers.
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converges to in probability if for every ,
- converges to in distribution if
for every at which the cumulative distribution function is continuous, as a map from the real line into itself.
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