TheoremBase

The Product of Two Probability Kernels is a Probability Kernel

Given two probability kernels with a common index space, taking the product measure index by index gives a probability kernel into the product space.

Statement

In the setting of Measure Spaces and the Lebesgue Integral: Standing Notation, let (W,W)(W,\mathcal{W}), (Y,Y)(Y,\mathcal{Y}) and (Z,Z)(Z,\mathcal{Z}) be measurable spaces, let α\alpha be a probability kernel from (W,W)(W,\mathcal{W}) to (Y,Y)(Y,\mathcal{Y}) and β\beta a probability kernel from (W,W)(W,\mathcal{W}) to (Z,Z)(Z,\mathcal{Z}), and write αw=α(w,⋅)\alpha_{w}=\alpha(w,\cdot) and βw=β(w,⋅)\beta_{w}=\beta(w,\cdot). Let Y⊗Z\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{Z} be the product σ\sigma-algebra. For w∈Ww\in W the probability measures αw\alpha_{w} and βw\beta_{w} are finite, hence σ\sigma-finite, so their product measure αw⊗βw\alpha_{w}\otimes\beta_{w} on Y⊗Z\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{Z} is defined; it is a probability measure, since its value at Y×ZY\times Z is αw(Y) βw(Z)=1\alpha_{w}(Y)\,\beta_{w}(Z)=1 by the defining property of the product measure, so its values lie in [0,1][0,1] by Basic Properties of a Measure §monotone.

1. (The product kernel) The function α⊗β:W×(Y⊗Z)→R\alpha\otimes\beta:W\times(\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{Z})\to\mathbb{R}, (α⊗β)(w,E)=(αw⊗βw)(E)(\alpha\otimes\beta)(w,E)=(\alpha_{w}\otimes\beta_{w})(E), is a probability kernel from (W,W)(W,\mathcal{W}) to (Y×Z,Y⊗Z)(Y\times Z,\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{Z}).

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