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Properties of k-th Roots: Inverse to Powers, Absolute Values, Products, Monotonicity, Subadditivity, Differences and Limits

The k-th root inverts the k-th power on nonnegative reals, the square root of a square is the absolute value, roots are multiplicative, strictly increasing and subadditive, the difference of roots is at most the root of the difference, and roots of a convergent nonnegative sequence converge to the root of the limit.

Statement

In the setting of The Real Numbers, with the Natural Numbers, Integers and Rationals Identified with Subsets of the Reals, and Completeness, let roots and square roots be as in The k-th Root and the Square Root of a Nonnegative Real Number §root and The k-th Root and the Square Root of a Nonnegative Real Number §square-root, and sequences and convergence as in Sequences §sequence and Convergent Sequences of Real Numbers §converges. Let k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} and x,y∈Rx,y\in\mathbb{R} with x≥0x\ge0 and y≥0y\ge0.

(xk)k=x(\sqrt[k]{x})^{k}=x and xkk=x\sqrt[k]{x^{k}}=x; moreover 0k=0\sqrt[k]{0}=0 and 1k=1\sqrt[k]{1}=1.

z2=∣z∣\sqrt{z^{2}}=|z| for every z∈Rz\in\mathbb{R}.

xyk=xk yk\sqrt[k]{xy}=\sqrt[k]{x}\,\sqrt[k]{y}.

x≤yx\le y if and only if xk≤yk\sqrt[k]{x}\le\sqrt[k]{y}, and x<yx<y if and only if xk<yk\sqrt[k]{x}<\sqrt[k]{y}.

x+yk≤xk+yk\sqrt[k]{x+y}\le\sqrt[k]{x}+\sqrt[k]{y}.

∣xk−yk∣≤∣x−y∣k|\sqrt[k]{x}-\sqrt[k]{y}|\le\sqrt[k]{|x-y|}.

If (an)(a_{n}) is a sequence in R\mathbb{R} with an≥0a_{n}\ge0 for every n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N} and an→xa_{n}\to x, then ank→xk\sqrt[k]{a_{n}}\to\sqrt[k]{x}.

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