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The Function slogss\log s: Continuity, Young's Inequality and Lower Bounds, with the Elementary Bounds for the Exponential and the Logarithm

lemmaAnalysislem:entropy-function-real-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: New: elementary exponential/logarithm bounds and properties of s log s (continuity, Young, lower bounds) for the entropy foundations of E2. · 1,275 chars · 5 deps · depth 16

Elementary bounds exp(u) >= 1+u and 1-1/t <= log t <= t-1, together with properties of the entropy function phi(s) = s log s on [0,infinity) (with phi(0)=0). The function phi is continuous, so phi of a nonnegative measurable function is measurable. It satisfies Young's inequality a s <= phi(s) + exp(a-1) and the lower bounds phi(s) >= s-1 and phi(s) >= -1/e.

Statement

In the setting of Measure Spaces and the Lebesgue Integral: Standing Notation, let exp\exp be the exponential function and log:(0,)R\log:(0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R} the natural logarithm, and let [0,)[0,\infty) denote the set of nonnegative real numbers, a subset of R\mathbb{R} with the metric of The Absolute Value Metric on the Real Line. Let ϕ:[0,)R\phi:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R} be the function with

ϕ(0)=0,ϕ(s)=slogsfor positive s.\phi(0)=0,\qquad \phi(s)=s\log s\quad\text{for positive }s .

1. (Exponential) exp(u)1+u\exp(u)\ge1+u for every uRu\in\mathbb{R}.

2. (Logarithm) 1t1logtt11-t^{-1}\le\log t\le t-1 for every positive tRt\in\mathbb{R}.

3. (Continuity and measurability) ϕ\phi is continuous on [0,)[0,\infty). Consequently, for every measure space (X,F,μ)(X,\mathcal{F},\mu) and every measurable f:XRf:X\to\mathbb{R} with 0f(x)0\le f(x) for every xXx\in X, the function ϕf\phi\circ f is measurable.

4. (Young's inequality) asϕ(s)+exp(a1)a\,s\le\phi(s)+\exp(a-1) for every aRa\in\mathbb{R} and every s[0,)s\in[0,\infty).

5. (Lower bounds) s1ϕ(s)s-1\le\phi(s) and exp(1)ϕ(s)-\exp(-1)\le\phi(s) for every s[0,)s\in[0,\infty).

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