TheoremBase

Additivity of the Riemann Integral over Adjacent Intervals, Subintervals and Oriented Integrals, and Integrals of Restrictions

A bounded function is integrable on [a,b] exactly when it is integrable on [a,c] and [c,b], and then the integrals add; integrability passes to closed subintervals, and oriented integrals satisfy the additivity rule for any three points.

Statement

In the setting of The Real Line: Standing Notation and Background for Calculus on Intervals, let a,b∈Ra,b\in\mathbb{R} with a<ba<b, and let f:[a,b]→Rf:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} be bounded: there is B∈RB\in\mathbb{R} with ∣f(t)∣≤B|f(t)|\le B for every t∈[a,b]t\in[a,b]. Integrability on [a,b][a,b] and the integral ∫abf\int_{a}^{b}f are as in The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (iv) and The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (v), integrability on a closed subinterval [u,v][u,v] of [a,b][a,b] and the integral ∫uvf\int_{u}^{v}f as in The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (vi), and the oriented integrals ∫uvf\int_{u}^{v}f for u,v∈[a,b]u,v\in[a,b] with v≤uv\le u as in The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (vii).

Let c∈Rc\in\mathbb{R} with a<c<ba<c<b. Then ff is integrable on [a,b][a,b] if and only if ff is integrable on [a,c][a,c] and on [c,b][c,b], and in that case

∫abf=∫acf+∫cbf.\int_{a}^{b}f=\int_{a}^{c}f+\int_{c}^{b}f .

If ff is integrable on [a,b][a,b], then ff is integrable on [u,v][u,v] for all u,v∈[a,b]u,v\in[a,b] with u<vu<v.

If ff is integrable on [a,b][a,b], then for all u,v,w∈[a,b]u,v,w\in[a,b],

∫uwf=∫uvf+∫vwf.\int_{u}^{w}f=\int_{u}^{v}f+\int_{v}^{w}f .

Let K⊆E⊆RK\subseteq E\subseteq\mathbb{R}, let g:E→Rg:E\to\mathbb{R}, and let g∣K:K→Rg|_{K}:K\to\mathbb{R} be its restriction, with integrability on closed intervals and the integrals of gg and of g∣Kg|_{K} as in The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (vi) and The Riemann Integral on a Closed Interval via Lower and Upper Integrals (vii). For u,v∈Ku,v\in K with u<vu<v and [u,v]⊆K[u,v]\subseteq K, g∣Kg|_{K} is integrable on [u,v][u,v] if and only if gg is integrable on [u,v][u,v], and in that case ∫uvg∣K=∫uvg\int_{u}^{v}g|_{K}=\int_{u}^{v}g and ∫vug∣K=∫vug\int_{v}^{u}g|_{K}=\int_{v}^{u}g. For every u∈Ku\in K, ∫uug∣K=∫uug=0\int_{u}^{u}g|_{K}=\int_{u}^{u}g=0.

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