TheoremBase

A Semiconvex Function of Class C2C^2 has Hessian Bounded Below by −λIn-\lambda I_n

Statement

Let n≥1n\ge1 be a natural number and let R\mathbb{R} be the real numbers. Let U⊆RnU\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n be an open and convex subset of Euclidean space Rn\mathbb{R}^n, a real vector space by Euclidean Space Rn\mathbb{R}^n is a Real Vector Space, let λ∈R\lambda\in\mathbb{R} satisfy 0≤λ0\le\lambda, and let f:U→Rf:U\to\mathbb{R} be of class C2C^2 on UU and semiconvex on UU with constant λ\lambda.

Write InI_n for the identity matrix of size nn and μM\mu M for the scalar multiple of a real matrix. The entries of (−λ)In(-\lambda)I_n satisfy ((−λ)In)ij=((−λ)In)ji\bigl((-\lambda)I_n\bigr)_{ij}=\bigl((-\lambda)I_n\bigr)_{ji}, so that matrix is symmetric, and the Hessian matrix D2f(x)D^2f(x) is symmetric by claim 2 of Equality of Mixed Second Partial Derivatives and Symmetry of the Hessian; both therefore lie in the set S(n)\mathcal{S}(n) of symmetric real n×nn\times n matrices, so the positive semidefinite ordering ⪯\preceq applies to them.

Then for every x∈Ux\in U,

(−λ)In⪯D2f(x).(-\lambda)I_n\preceq D^2f(x).

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