TheoremBase

Finite Sums of Real-Valued Maps: Continuity, Integral and Derivative

A finite sum of real-valued maps indexed by a finite set is continuous at a point, integrable between two points, or differentiable at a point whenever each summand is, with the integral and the derivative of the sum being the corresponding sums.

Statement

In the setting of Single-Variable Calculus on an Interval, let JJ be a finite set; sums over JJ are the sums over a finite set of real numbers. For a set DD, a family (fj)j∈J(f_{j})_{j\in J} of maps D→RD\to\mathbb{R} is a map j↦fjj\mapsto f_{j} from JJ to the set RD\mathbb{R}^{D} of maps from DD to R\mathbb{R} of Sets and Maps: Ordinary Notation (v), and ∑j∈Jfj\sum_{j\in J}f_{j} denotes the map D→RD\to\mathbb{R}, u↦∑j∈Jfj(u)u\mapsto\sum_{j\in J}f_{j}(u). For n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N} and a:[n]→Ra:[n]\to\mathbb{R}, ∑j=1naj=∑j∈[n]aj\sum_{j=1}^{n}a_{j}=\sum_{j\in[n]}a_{j}, whether the left side is read as in Iterated Operations: Finite Sums and Finite Products (i) or as in Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval (iv), by Natural Numbers as Indices: ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀, 1 ∈ ℕ₀, and the Two Readings of an Operation from 1 to n (v); so, with J=[n]J=[n], the clauses below apply to sums ∑j=1n\sum_{j=1}^{n}.

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space, S⊆XS\subseteq X and s0∈Ss_{0}\in S, and let (fj)j∈J(f_{j})_{j\in J} be a family of maps S→RS\to\mathbb{R} each of which is continuous at s0s_{0} relative to SS. Then ∑j∈Jfj\sum_{j\in J}f_{j} is continuous at s0s_{0} relative to SS.

Let J≠∅J\neq\emptyset, let E⊆RE\subseteq\mathbb{R} and u,v∈Eu,v\in E, let j↦cjj\mapsto c_{j} be a map from JJ to R\mathbb{R}, and let (fj)j∈J(f_{j})_{j\in J} be a family of maps E→RE\to\mathbb{R} such that ∫uvfj\int_{u}^{v}f_{j} is defined for every j∈Jj\in J. Then the integral from uu to vv of the map E→RE\to\mathbb{R}, t↦∑j∈Jcjfj(t)t\mapsto\sum_{j\in J}c_{j}f_{j}(t), is defined, and

∫uv∑j∈Jcjfj(t) dt=∑j∈Jcj∫uvfj.\int_{u}^{v}\sum_{j\in J}c_{j}f_{j}(t)\,dt=\sum_{j\in J}c_{j}\int_{u}^{v}f_{j}.

Let t∈It\in I, and let (fj)j∈J(f_{j})_{j\in J} be a family of maps I→RI\to\mathbb{R} each of which is differentiable at tt, with derivative fj′(t)f_{j}'(t). Then ∑j∈Jfj\sum_{j\in J}f_{j} is differentiable at tt, with derivative ∑j∈Jfj′(t)\sum_{j\in J}f_{j}'(t).

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