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The Lift of the Second Moment: a Quadratic Function of Class C2C^2 with Gradient 2X and Translation Laplacian 2d

The lift of the second moment is the squared L2L^2 norm: a C2C^2 function on the space of square-integrable random vectors with gradient 2X, Hessian twice the identity form, and translation Laplacian 2d. This is the quadratic function in the explicit solution of the Dyson equation.

Statement

In the settings of The Wasserstein Space and Its Lift to Square-Integrable Random Vectors: Standing Notation and Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation, let L2(Ω;Rd)L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}) be the space of classes of square-integrable random vectors and P2(Rd)\mathcal{P}_{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d}) the Wasserstein space; the class C2(L2(Ω;Rd))C^{2}(L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d})), the gradient DU(X)DU(X) and the Hessian D2U(X)D^{2}U(X) of a function UU on L2(Ω;Rd)L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}) are as fixed in The Wasserstein Space and Its Lift to Square-Integrable Random Vectors: Standing Notation (iii), and II is the identity form on L2(Ω;Rd)L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}). The letter μ\mu denotes a probability measure; a scalar written μ\mu in Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation is written tt here.

Let u:P2(Rd)→Ru:\mathcal{P}_{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\to\mathbb{R} be the second moment, u(μ)=M2(μ)u(\mu)=M_{2}(\mu), a real number for μ∈P2(Rd)\mu\in\mathcal{P}_{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d}) by The Second Moment of a Probability Measure on Euclidean Space and the Probability Measures with Finite Second Moment (ii), and let UU be its lift. Then the following hold.

1. (The lift) U(X)=∥X∥L22U(X)=\lVert X\rVert_{L^{2}}^{2} for every X∈L2(Ω;Rd)X\in L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}).

2. (Gradient and Hessian) U∈C2(L2(Ω;Rd))U\in C^{2}(L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d})), with DU(X)=2XDU(X)=2X and D2U(X)=2ID^{2}U(X)=2I for every X∈L2(Ω;Rd)X\in L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}). In particular uu is continuously LL-differentiable, with LL-gradient 2X2X at XX.

3. (The translation Laplacian) UU is twice continuously differentiable along translations, and ΔtrU(X)=2d\Delta_{\mathrm{tr}}U(X)=2d for every X∈L2(Ω;Rd)X\in L^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d}), the natural number dd read in R\mathbb{R} as in The Real Numbers: Standing Notation and Background (i).

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