TheoremBase

Determinant of a Real Square Matrix

The determinant of a square real matrix is the value of the Leibniz map: the sum over all permutations of the sign times the product of the entries A_{i sigma(i)}.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}, with [n][n] as in Intervals of Natural Numbers (ii), and let A∈Mn(R)A\in\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{R}) be a square real matrix with entries AijA_{ij}, with the set SnS_{n} of permutations of [n][n], the sign sgn⁡:Sn→R\operatorname{sgn}:S_{n}\to\mathbb{R}, and sums and products as in Commutative Rings, Fields and Ordered Fields: Standard Notation (iii).

The determinant det⁡:Mn(R)→R\det:\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{R})\to\mathbb{R} is the map DnD_{n} of The Determinant Map and the Matrices Formed from a Square Matrix by Reindexing Rows, Replacing a Row and Deleting a Row and a Column Exist and Are Unique (ii), so that

det⁡A=∑σ∈Snsgn⁡(σ)∏i∈[n]Aiσ(i).\det A=\sum_{\sigma\in S_{n}}\operatorname{sgn}(\sigma)\prod_{i\in[n]}A_{i\sigma(i)}.

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