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Dynkin's Pi-Lambda Theorem

lemmaAnalysisProbabilitylem:dynkin-pi-lambda-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: Initial published version; Phase 0b, approved by Aaron. Proof to follow. · 966 chars · 4 deps · depth 5

Statement

Let XX be a set. A family P\mathcal{P} of subsets of XX is a π\pi-system if it is nonempty and closed under finite intersections: A,BPA,B\in\mathcal{P} implies ABPA\cap B\in\mathcal{P}.

A family L\mathcal{L} of subsets of XX is a λ\lambda-system if: (1) XLX\in\mathcal{L}; (2) if A,BLA,B\in\mathcal{L} and ABA\subseteq B, then the relative complement BALB\setminus A\in\mathcal{L}; (3) for every nondecreasing sequence (Am)mN(A_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} in L\mathcal{L} (that is, AmAm+1A_m\subseteq A_{m+1} for all mm), mAmL\bigcup_m A_m\in\mathcal{L}.

Theorem. If P\mathcal{P} is a π\pi-system, L\mathcal{L} is a λ\lambda-system, and PL\mathcal{P}\subseteq\mathcal{L}, then the generated σ\sigma-algebra satisfies

σ(P)L.\sigma(\mathcal{P})\subseteq\mathcal{L}.
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