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A Function with Small Derivative Has Exactly One Fixed Point

Honours level. A function differentiable on the whole real line whose derivative is bounded in absolute value by one half has exactly one fixed point.

Statement

In the setting of Single-Variable Calculus on an Interval, in which R\mathbb{R} is recorded as an interval every point of which is an interior point of it, let f:R→Rf:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} be differentiable at every point of R\mathbb{R}, and suppose that

∣f′(x)∣≤12for every x∈R.|f'(x)|\le\tfrac12\qquad\text{for every }x\in\mathbb{R}.

Problem. Show that there is exactly one real number cc with f(c)=cf(c)=c.

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