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Smooth Differential k-Form on a Smooth Manifold with Boundary

definitionTopologyGeometryMultivariable Calculusdef:smooth-differential-k-form-manifold-boundary-2026b
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: Re-version: diffeomorphism and pullback references updated to def:smooth-diffeomorphism-euclidean-half-space-domain-2026c. Clears all redaction exposure. · 2,968 chars · 12 deps · depth 13

Statement

Let nn\in N\mathbb{N}, and let MM be a smooth manifold with boundary of dimension nn, with chosen smooth atlas ((Uα,φα))αA((U_\alpha,\varphi_\alpha))_{\alpha\in A}; for each αA\alpha\in A write Ωα=φα(Uα)\Omega_\alpha=\varphi_\alpha(U_\alpha). Each Ωα\Omega_\alpha is open in the closed upper half-space HnH^n of Euclidean space Rn\mathbb{R}^n, hence an admissible domain in the sense of Continuous n-Form, Support, and Zero Extension on a Euclidean or Half-Space Domain. Let kN{0}k\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}.

A smooth differential kk-form ω\omega on MM is a family (ωα)αA(\omega_\alpha)_{\alpha\in A} with the following three properties.

  1. For each αA\alpha\in A, ωα\omega_\alpha assigns to each point xΩαx\in\Omega_\alpha an alternating kk-linear form ωα,x\omega_{\alpha,x} on Rn\mathbb{R}^n. The assignment ωα\omega_\alpha is called the chart representative of ω\omega in the chart (Uα,φα)(U_\alpha,\varphi_\alpha).

  2. (Local smoothness.) For each αA\alpha\in A and each aΩαa\in\Omega_\alpha there exist an open set WRnW\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n with aWa\in W and a differential kk-form η\eta on WW whose coefficient functions in the coordinate expansion are smooth, such that ηx=ωα,x\eta_x=\omega_{\alpha,x} for every xWΩαx\in W\cap\Omega_\alpha.

  3. (Compatibility.) For all α,βA\alpha,\beta\in A with UαUβU_\alpha\cap U_\beta\ne\varnothing, consider the transition map τβα=φβφα1\tau_{\beta\alpha}=\varphi_\beta\circ\varphi_\alpha^{-1} from φα(UαUβ)\varphi_\alpha(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta) to φβ(UαUβ)\varphi_\beta(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta); it is a smooth diffeomorphism of admissible domains, its local smooth extensions being furnished by the smooth compatibility of the charts. The requirement is that the pullback satisfies

τβα(ωβ)=ωα\tau_{\beta\alpha}^{*}(\omega_\beta)=\omega_\alpha

on φα(UαUβ)\varphi_\alpha(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta), where ωβ\omega_\beta is restricted to φβ(UαUβ)\varphi_\beta(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta).

When k=0k=0, each ωα\omega_\alpha is a real-valued function on Ωα\Omega_\alpha and property 3 states that ωα=ωβτβα\omega_\alpha=\omega_\beta\circ\tau_{\beta\alpha} on chart overlaps. Consequently there is a well-defined function ω:MR\omega:M\to\mathbb{R} given by ω(p)=ωα(φα(p))\omega(p)=\omega_\alpha(\varphi_\alpha(p)) for any chart with pUαp\in U_\alpha, and we identify smooth differential 00-forms on MM with such functions, called smooth functions on MM.

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