TheoremBase

A Continuously Differentiable Map Whose Jacobian Matrix is Close to the Identity Maps a Cube into a Slightly Larger Cube

If every entry of the Jacobian matrix of a C1C^1 map differs from the identity by at most eta/d on a closed cube of half-side r, the map sends the cube into the cube about the image of the centre with half-side (1+eta)r.

Statement

In the setting of Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation, let dd be a natural number with 1≤d1\le d, read in R\mathbb{R} as in The Real Numbers: Standing Notation and Background (i) where a real number is required; Rd\mathbb{R}^{d} is open by claim 1 of Euclidean Space Is Open in Itself, and δij\delta_{ij} denotes the entry in row ii and column jj of the identity matrix IdI_{d}. For c∈Rdc\in\mathbb{R}^{d} and a nonnegative real number rr let

Q(c,r)={x∈Rd: ∣xi−ci∣≤r for every i∈[d]}Q(c,r)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}:\ |x_{i}-c_{i}|\le r\ \text{for every }i\in[d]\}

be the closed cube with centre cc and half-side rr. Let G:Rd→RdG:\mathbb{R}^{d}\to\mathbb{R}^{d} be a map whose components G1,…,GdG_{1},\dots,G_{d} are of class C1C^{1} on Rd\mathbb{R}^{d}.

(Cubes) Let c∈Rdc\in\mathbb{R}^{d}, let rr and η\eta be nonnegative real numbers, and suppose that

∣∂jGi(x)−δij∣≤ηdfor every x∈Q(c,r) and all i,j∈[d].|\partial_{j}G_{i}(x)-\delta_{ij}|\le\frac{\eta}{d}\qquad\text{for every }x\in Q(c,r)\text{ and all }i,j\in[d].

Then G(x)∈Q(G(c),(1+η) r)G(x)\in Q\bigl(G(c),(1+\eta)\,r\bigr) for every x∈Q(c,r)x\in Q(c,r).

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