The dot product of the k-th standard basis vector of with a point w is the k-th coordinate of w; consequently the standard basis vectors are orthonormal and each has Euclidean norm 1.
In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let , let be as in Intervals of Natural Numbers §segment, and let points of have components as in Euclidean Space : n-Tuples of Real Numbers with Their Componentwise Operations §membership. For let be the -th standard basis vector, which exists and is unique by The Matrix Product, Matrix-Vector Product, Transpose, Trace, Identity Matrix and Standard Basis Vectors Exist and Are Unique §basis. For write for the dot product and for the Euclidean norm. Let and .
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if , and if .
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