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Rectangles, Sections and the Swap: Set Identities

Elementwise identities for products of sets, for sections of subsets of a product under complements, countable unions and intersections, for sections as preimages under the insertion functions, and for preimages under the swap of the factors.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let XX and YY be sets, with the Cartesian products X×YX\times Y and Y×XY\times X; for E⊆X×YE\subseteq X\times Y, x∈Xx\in X and y∈Yy\in Y let Ex⊆YE_{x}\subseteq Y and Ey⊆XE^{y}\subseteq X be the sections of EE, and likewise for subsets of Y×XY\times X. For a function u:S→Tu:S\to T and V⊆TV\subseteq T, u−1(V)u^{-1}(V) is the preimage of VV, as in Preimages under a Map: Membership, the Preimage Map, Sequences of Preimages, and the Set of Sets with Preimage in a Given Set. Let A,A′⊆XA,A'\subseteq X, B,B′⊆YB,B'\subseteq Y, E,E′⊆X×YE,E'\subseteq X\times Y, let (Ek)k∈N(E_{k})_{k\in\mathbb{N}} be a sequence of subsets of X×YX\times Y, and let x∈Xx\in X and y∈Yy\in Y. Let ix:Y→X×Yi_{x}:Y\to X\times Y and iy:X→X×Yi^{y}:X\to X\times Y be the insertion functions and t:Y×X→X×Yt:Y\times X\to X\times Y the swap,

ix(y′)=(x,y′),iy(x′)=(x′,y),t(y′,x′)=(x′,y′)(x′∈X, y′∈Y).i_{x}(y')=(x,y'),\qquad i^{y}(x')=(x',y),\qquad t(y',x')=(x',y')\qquad(x'\in X,\ y'\in Y).

Rectangles.

(A×B)∩(A′×B′)=(A∩A′)×(B∩B′),(A\times B)\cap(A'\times B')=(A\cap A')\times(B\cap B'), (A×B)x={B,x∈A,∅,x∉A,(A×B)y={A,y∈B,∅,y∉B.(A\times B)_{x}=\begin{cases}B,&x\in A,\\\emptyset,&x\notin A,\end{cases}\qquad(A\times B)^{y}=\begin{cases}A,&y\in B,\\\emptyset,&y\notin B.\end{cases}

Sections of complements, unions and intersections.

((X×Y)∖E)x=Y∖Ex,(⋃k∈NEk)x=⋃k∈N(Ek)x,(E∩E′)x=Ex∩Ex′;\bigl((X\times Y)\setminus E\bigr)_{x}=Y\setminus E_{x},\qquad\Bigl(\bigcup_{k\in\mathbb{N}}E_{k}\Bigr)_{x}=\bigcup_{k\in\mathbb{N}}(E_{k})_{x},\qquad(E\cap E')_{x}=E_{x}\cap E'_{x};

in particular, if E∩E′=∅E\cap E'=\emptyset then Ex∩Ex′=∅E_{x}\cap E'_{x}=\emptyset. The same holds for sections at yy, with X∖EyX\setminus E^{y} in place of Y∖ExY\setminus E_{x}.

Sections are preimages under the insertions.

ix−1(E)=Ex,(iy)−1(E)=Ey.i_{x}^{-1}(E)=E_{x},\qquad(i^{y})^{-1}(E)=E^{y}.

The swap.

t−1(A×B)=B×A,(t−1(E))y=Ey,(t−1(E))x=Ex.t^{-1}(A\times B)=B\times A,\qquad\bigl(t^{-1}(E)\bigr)_{y}=E^{y},\qquad\bigl(t^{-1}(E)\bigr)^{x}=E_{x}.

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