In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices , let X X X and Y Y Y be sets, with the Cartesian products X × Y X\times Y X × Y and Y × X Y\times X Y × X ; for E ⊆ X × Y E\subseteq X\times Y E ⊆ X × Y , x ∈ X x\in X x ∈ X and y ∈ Y y\in Y y ∈ Y let E x ⊆ Y E_{x}\subseteq Y E x ⊆ Y and E y ⊆ X E^{y}\subseteq X E y ⊆ X be the sections of E E E , and likewise for subsets of Y × X Y\times X Y × X . For a function u : S → T u:S\to T u : S → T and V ⊆ T V\subseteq T V ⊆ T , u − 1 ( V ) u^{-1}(V) u − 1 ( V ) is the preimage of V V V , as in Preimages under a Map: Membership, the Preimage Map, Sequences of Preimages, and the Set of Sets with Preimage in a Given Set . Let A , A ′ ⊆ X A,A'\subseteq X A , A ′ ⊆ X , B , B ′ ⊆ Y B,B'\subseteq Y B , B ′ ⊆ Y , E , E ′ ⊆ X × Y E,E'\subseteq X\times Y E , E ′ ⊆ X × Y , let ( E k ) k ∈ N (E_{k})_{k\in\mathbb{N}} ( E k ) k ∈ N be a sequence of subsets of X × Y X\times Y X × Y , and let x ∈ X x\in X x ∈ X and y ∈ Y y\in Y y ∈ Y . Let i x : Y → X × Y i_{x}:Y\to X\times Y i x : Y → X × Y and i y : X → X × Y i^{y}:X\to X\times Y i y : X → X × Y be the insertion functions and t : Y × X → X × Y t:Y\times X\to X\times Y t : Y × X → X × Y the swap,
i x ( y ′ ) = ( x , y ′ ) , i y ( x ′ ) = ( x ′ , y ) , t ( y ′ , x ′ ) = ( x ′ , y ′ ) ( x ′ ∈ X , y ′ ∈ Y ) . i_{x}(y')=(x,y'),\qquad i^{y}(x')=(x',y),\qquad t(y',x')=(x',y')\qquad(x'\in X,\ y'\in Y). i x ( y ′ ) = ( x , y ′ ) , i y ( x ′ ) = ( x ′ , y ) , t ( y ′ , x ′ ) = ( x ′ , y ′ ) ( x ′ ∈ X , y ′ ∈ Y ) .
(i) Rectangles.
( A × B ) ∩ ( A ′ × B ′ ) = ( A ∩ A ′ ) × ( B ∩ B ′ ) , (A\times B)\cap(A'\times B')=(A\cap A')\times(B\cap B'), ( A × B ) ∩ ( A ′ × B ′ ) = ( A ∩ A ′ ) × ( B ∩ B ′ ) ,
( A × B ) x = { B , x ∈ A , ∅ , x ∉ A , ( A × B ) y = { A , y ∈ B , ∅ , y ∉ B . (A\times B)_{x}=\begin{cases}B,&x\in A,\\\emptyset,&x\notin A,\end{cases}\qquad(A\times B)^{y}=\begin{cases}A,&y\in B,\\\emptyset,&y\notin B.\end{cases} ( A × B ) x = { B , ∅ , x ∈ A , x ∈ / A , ( A × B ) y = { A , ∅ , y ∈ B , y ∈ / B .
(ii) Sections of complements, unions and intersections.
( ( X × Y ) ∖ E ) x = Y ∖ E x , ( ⋃ k ∈ N E k ) x = ⋃ k ∈ N ( E k ) x , ( E ∩ E ′ ) x = E x ∩ E x ′ ; \bigl((X\times Y)\setminus E\bigr)_{x}=Y\setminus E_{x},\qquad\Bigl(\bigcup_{k\in\mathbb{N}}E_{k}\Bigr)_{x}=\bigcup_{k\in\mathbb{N}}(E_{k})_{x},\qquad(E\cap E')_{x}=E_{x}\cap E'_{x}; ( ( X × Y ) ∖ E ) x = Y ∖ E x , ( k ∈ N ⋃ E k ) x = k ∈ N ⋃ ( E k ) x , ( E ∩ E ′ ) x = E x ∩ E x ′ ;
in particular, if E ∩ E ′ = ∅ E\cap E'=\emptyset E ∩ E ′ = ∅ then E x ∩ E x ′ = ∅ E_{x}\cap E'_{x}=\emptyset E x ∩ E x ′ = ∅ . The same holds for sections at y y y , with X ∖ E y X\setminus E^{y} X ∖ E y in place of Y ∖ E x Y\setminus E_{x} Y ∖ E x .
(iii) Sections are preimages under the insertions.
i x − 1 ( E ) = E x , ( i y ) − 1 ( E ) = E y . i_{x}^{-1}(E)=E_{x},\qquad(i^{y})^{-1}(E)=E^{y}. i x − 1 ( E ) = E x , ( i y ) − 1 ( E ) = E y .
(iv) The swap.
t − 1 ( A × B ) = B × A , ( t − 1 ( E ) ) y = E y , ( t − 1 ( E ) ) x = E x . t^{-1}(A\times B)=B\times A,\qquad\bigl(t^{-1}(E)\bigr)_{y}=E^{y},\qquad\bigl(t^{-1}(E)\bigr)^{x}=E_{x}. t − 1 ( A × B ) = B × A , ( t − 1 ( E ) ) y = E y , ( t − 1 ( E ) ) x = E x .