TheoremBase

Interchange of a Finite Double Sum

Statement

Let KK be a field, let m,nm,n be natural numbers, and let [m][m] and [n][n] be the initial segments they determine. Let a∈(Kn)ma\in(K^{n})^{m} be an mm-tuple of nn-tuples in KK, with components (aj)k(a_{j})_{k} for j∈[m]j\in[m] and k∈[n]k\in[n], and let b∈Kmb\in K^{m} and c∈Knc\in K^{n} be given by the finite sums

bj=∑k=1n(aj)k,ck=∑j=1m(aj)k.b_{j}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}(a_{j})_{k},\qquad c_{k}=\sum_{j=1}^{m}(a_{j})_{k}.

Then

∑j=1mbj=∑k=1nck,\sum_{j=1}^{m}b_{j}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}c_{k},

written in abbreviated form as

∑j=1m∑k=1n(aj)k=∑k=1n∑j=1m(aj)k.\sum_{j=1}^{m}\sum_{k=1}^{n}(a_{j})_{k}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{m}(a_{j})_{k}.

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