On the Real Line the Tangent Space is the Whole Space of Square-Integrable Vector Fields
theoremAnalysisProbabilitythm:tangent-space-line-2026aFor every probability measure with finite second moment on the real line, the closure of the gradients of test functions is all of the square-integrable vector fields against it.
In the setting of Square-Integrable Vector Fields Against a Probability Measure on Euclidean Space, and Test Functions: Standing Notation, in dimension , with the identification of and and the notation of claims 1 and 2 of One-Dimensional Test Functions: Scalars, Derivatives, and the Difference Quotient of the Derivative in force. Let , let be the space of square-integrable vector fields against and let be the tangent space at .
1. (The tangent space is everything)¶ .
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