Mollification at a Point of Twice Differentiability: Convergence of the Mollified Gradient and Hessian, and a Hessian Bound for Lipschitz Functions
lemmaAnalysislem:mollified-derivatives-twice-differentiable-point-rn-2026aMollifying a continuous function, the gradients and Hessians of the mollifications converge at every point where the function is twice differentiable; for a Lipschitz function the mollified Hessian is bounded by a constant times L over the mollification scale.
In the setting of Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation, used with a natural number satisfying , let be continuous on , let with , and let be a mollifier kernel of radius on . For with let for , a mollifier kernel of radius by Rescaling a Mollifier Kernel, and let be the convolution, taken with , which is open by claim 1 of Euclidean Space is Open in Itself, and Maps are Continuous; it is defined on all of , every closed ball of being contained in , and it is smooth on by claim 2 of Convolution with a Kernel is of Class . Its gradient and Hessian matrix are those of Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation §derivatives.
1. (Convergence at a point of twice differentiability)¶ Let and be such that is twice differentiable at with first-order coefficient and Hessian , and let be a sequence of positive real numbers converging to . Then converges to in , and converges to in .
2. (A Hessian bound for Lipschitz functions)¶ There is a nonnegative real number , depending only on , and , with the following property. Let with , and suppose that is Lipschitz with constant from to with the absolute-value metric. Then for every with and every ,
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