Existence of an Optimal Coupling of Two Probability Measures with Finite Second Moment
theoremAnalysisProbabilitythm:optimal-coupling-exists-euclidean-2026aAny two probability measures on Euclidean space with finite second moment admit an optimal coupling: the infimum defining the quadratic Wasserstein distance is attained.
In the setting of Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation, let satisfy and let belong to the set of probability measures with finite second moment. Let be the set of their couplings, the quadratic cost, and their quadratic Wasserstein distance.
Then there exists with
that is, an optimal coupling of and ; and every such satisfies for every .
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