TheoremBase

A Conditional Density Identity for Products Extends to Jointly Measurable Integrands

Statement

Let (Ω,F,P)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P) be a probability space, let T⊆F\mathcal{T}\subseteq\mathcal{F} be a sub-σ\sigma-algebra, let (R,R,ρ)(\mathbf{R},\mathcal{R},\rho) be a σ\sigma-finite measure space, and let W:Ω→RW:\Omega\to\mathbf{R} be measurable with respect to F\mathcal{F} and R\mathcal{R}. Write R⊗T\mathcal{R}\otimes\mathcal{T} for the product σ\sigma-algebra on R×Ω\mathbf{R}\times\Omega; measurability of [0,∞][0,\infty]-valued maps and their integrals are those of Lebesgue Integral of a Nonnegative Measurable Function, pointwise products of [0,∞][0,\infty]-valued maps being formed with the multiplication conventions (0⋅∞=00\cdot\infty=0, a⋅∞=∞a\cdot\infty=\infty for a>0a>0) of Image Measures, Measures with Densities, and Change of Variables, and E\mathbb{E} denotes the integral with respect to PP of a [0,∞][0,\infty]-valued F\mathcal{F}-measurable map, extending the expectation of a nonnegative random variable. Let f:R×Ω→[0,∞)f:\mathbf{R}\times\Omega\to[0,\infty) be measurable with respect to R⊗T\mathcal{R}\otimes\mathcal{T} and suppose that for every C∈TC\in\mathcal{T} and every A∈RA\in\mathcal{R},

E[1C 1A(W)]=E[1C∫R1A(r) f(r,⋅) ρ(dr)]in [0,∞],\mathbb{E}\bigl[\mathbf{1}_C\,\mathbf{1}_A(W)\bigr]=\mathbb{E}\Bigl[\mathbf{1}_C\int_{\mathbf{R}}\mathbf{1}_A(r)\,f(r,\cdot)\,\rho(dr)\Bigr]\qquad\text{in }[0,\infty],

where 1S\mathbf{1}_S denotes the indicator of a set SS and where, for each ω\omega, the inner integral is that of the R\mathcal{R}-measurable section r↦1A(r)f(r,ω)r\mapsto\mathbf{1}_A(r)f(r,\omega), the map ω↦∫R1A(r)f(r,ω) ρ(dr)\omega\mapsto\int_{\mathbf{R}}\mathbf{1}_A(r)f(r,\omega)\,\rho(dr) being T\mathcal{T}-measurable by the Tonelli theorem applied on R×Ω\mathbf{R}\times\Omega with the restriction of PP to T\mathcal{T}. (This hypothesis is the special case Z=1CZ=\mathbf{1}_C, g=1Ag=\mathbf{1}_A of the identity E[Zg(W)]=E[Z∫Rg(r)f(r,⋅) ρ(dr)]\mathbb{E}[Zg(W)]=\mathbb{E}[Z\int_{\mathbf{R}}g(r)f(r,\cdot)\,\rho(dr)] for arbitrary T\mathcal{T}-measurable Z:Ω→[0,∞]Z:\Omega\to[0,\infty] and R\mathcal{R}-measurable g:R→[0,∞]g:\mathbf{R}\to[0,\infty], so it holds whenever that identity does.)

Then for every R⊗T\mathcal{R}\otimes\mathcal{T}-measurable H:R×Ω→[0,∞]H:\mathbf{R}\times\Omega\to[0,\infty]: the map ω↦H(W(ω),ω)\omega\mapsto H(W(\omega),\omega) is F\mathcal{F}-measurable; the map ω↦∫RH(r,ω)f(r,ω) ρ(dr)\omega\mapsto\int_{\mathbf{R}}H(r,\omega)f(r,\omega)\,\rho(dr) is T\mathcal{T}-measurable, each inner integral being that of an R\mathcal{R}-measurable section; and

E[H(W,⋅)]=E[∫RH(r,⋅) f(r,⋅) ρ(dr)]in [0,∞].\mathbb{E}\bigl[H(W,\cdot)\bigr]=\mathbb{E}\Bigl[\int_{\mathbf{R}}H(r,\cdot)\,f(r,\cdot)\,\rho(dr)\Bigr]\qquad\text{in }[0,\infty].

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