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Variance of the Empirical Mass of a Borel Set under a Tensor Power

lemmaAnalysisProbabilitylem:empirical-cell-variance-euclidean-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: N1b: variance of empirical cell masses under tensor powers. · 956 chars · 3 deps · depth 36

Under the N-fold tensor power of a probability measure, the empirical mass of a Borel set of mass c has mean-square deviation c(1-c)/N from c, and the square of its mean absolute deviation is at most c/N.

Statement

In the setting of Wasserstein Spaces, Random Vectors, Vector Fields and Symmetric Matrices in Every Dimension: Standing Notation, whose probability space (Ω,F,P)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P) is not used, let q,N∈Nq,N\in\mathbb{N}, let ρ∈P(Rq)\rho\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^{q}) with tensor power ρ⊗N∈P(RqN)\rho^{\otimes N}\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^{qN}), let B∈B(Rq)B\in\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^{q}) and c=ρ(B)c=\rho(B), and let μxN\mu^{N}_{x} be the empirical measure of x∈RqNx\in\mathbb{R}^{qN}. Then the function x↦μxN(B)x\mapsto\mu^{N}_{x}(B) on RqN\mathbb{R}^{qN} is Borel with values in [0,1][0,1], and the following hold.

1. (Mean-square deviation)

∫RqN(μxN(B)−c)2 ρ⊗N(dx)=c(1−c)N.\int_{\mathbb{R}^{qN}}\bigl(\mu^{N}_{x}(B)-c\bigr)^{2}\,\rho^{\otimes N}(dx)=\frac{c(1-c)}{N}.

2. (Mean absolute deviation)

(∫RqN∣μxN(B)−c∣ ρ⊗N(dx))2≤cN.\Bigl(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{qN}}\bigl|\mu^{N}_{x}(B)-c\bigr|\,\rho^{\otimes N}(dx)\Bigr)^{2}\le\frac{c}{N}.
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