TheoremBase

Prokhorov's Theorem on Euclidean Space: a Tight Sequence of Probability Measures Has a Weakly Convergent Subsequence

Every tight sequence of Borel probability measures on a Euclidean space has a subsequence converging weakly to a Borel probability measure on that space.

Statement

In the setting of Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation, let m∈Nm\in\mathbb{N} satisfy 1≤m1\le m and let dEd_{E} be the Euclidean distance on Rm\mathbb{R}^{m}, so that (Rm,dE)(\mathbb{R}^{m},d_{E}) is a metric space whose Borel σ\sigma-algebra is B(Rm)\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^{m}) by Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation (i), and each μ∈P(Rm)\mu\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^{m}) is a Borel measure on it with μ(Rm)=1\mu(\mathbb{R}^{m})=1.

Let (μn)n∈N(\mu_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} be a sequence whose terms belong to P(Rm)\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^{m}), and assume that it is tight in (Rm,dE)(\mathbb{R}^{m},d_{E}).

Then there exist a sequence (nj)j∈N(n_{j})_{j\in\mathbb{N}} in N\mathbb{N} that is strictly increasing and a measure μ∈P(Rm)\mu\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^{m}) such that the subsequence (μnj)j∈N(\mu_{n_{j}})_{j\in\mathbb{N}} converges weakly to μ\mu on the metric space (Rm,dE)(\mathbb{R}^{m},d_{E}).

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