TheoremBase

The Optimal Maps of a Uniquely Mapped Pair and of Its Reverse are Mutually Inverse Almost Everywhere

If a pair and its reverse are both uniquely mapped, the two optimal maps compose to the identity almost everywhere with respect to each measure.

Statement

In the setting of Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation, let d∈Nd\in\mathbb{N} satisfy 1≤d1\le d and let μ,ν\mu,\nu belong to the set P2(Rd)\mathcal{P}_{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d}) of probability measures with finite second moment. Suppose that the ordered pair (μ,ν)(\mu,\nu) is uniquely mapped and that so is (ν,μ)(\nu,\mu), let TT be an optimal map from μ\mu to ν\nu, and let T′T' be an optimal map from ν\nu to μ\mu.

The composites T′∘TT'\circ T and T∘T′T\circ T' are Borel. For Borel maps S,S′:Rd→RdS,S':\mathbb{R}^{d}\to\mathbb{R}^{d} the function x↦∥S(x)−S′(x)∥2x\mapsto\lVert S(x)-S'(x)\rVert^{2} is Borel by Pairs of Euclidean Points: Coordinate Projections, Pairings, the Product Measure on a Euclidean Space, Borel Norm Functions and Finite Sets (iv) and vanishes exactly where SS and S′S' agree, by claim 2 of Properties of the Euclidean Norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^n: Square, Distance, Vanishing, Coordinate Bounds, Homogeneity, Triangle Inequalities and Expansion of a Square together with the metric axioms of Rn\mathbb{R}^n with the Euclidean Distance Is a Complete Metric Space with Coordinatewise Convergence and claims 1 and 3 of Zero Products and Elementary Identities in a Field; hence the two sets appearing below, preimages of the Borel set R∖{0}\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\} under such a function with S′=idS'=\mathrm{id}, belong to B(Rd)\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^{d}).

1. (Mutually inverse almost everywhere)

μ({x∈Rd: T′(T(x))≠x})=0,ν({y∈Rd: T(T′(y))≠y})=0.\mu\bigl(\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}:\ T'(T(x))\ne x\}\bigr)=0,\qquad \nu\bigl(\{y\in\mathbb{R}^{d}:\ T(T'(y))\ne y\}\bigr)=0 .

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