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Convex Combination of Finitely Many Points of Rn\mathbb{R}^n

definitionAnalysisLinear AlgebraMultivariable Calculusdef:convex-combination-rn-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: New definition: system of convex weights and the convex combination of finitely many points of R^n, given coordinatewise by finite sums in the field of real numbers.

Statement

Let nn and NN be natural numbers with 1n1\le n and 1N1\le N, let R\mathbb{R} be the real numbers with the order \le of its ordered field structure, and let [N][N] and [n][n] be the initial segments determined by NN and by nn. Let x:[N]Rnx:[N]\to\mathbb{R}^n be a family of points of Euclidean space, with values written xkx_k and coordinates (xk)j(x_k)_j for j[n]j\in[n], and let t:[N]Rt:[N]\to\mathbb{R} be a family with values written tkt_k. All sums below are the finite sums of the field R\mathbb{R}.

The family tt is a system of convex weights of length NN if 0tk0\le t_k for every k[N]k\in[N] and

k=1Ntk=1.\sum_{k=1}^{N}t_k=1 .

For such a family tt, the convex combination of x1,,xNx_1,\dots,x_N with weights t1,,tNt_1,\dots,t_N, written k=1Ntkxk\sum_{k=1}^{N}t_kx_k, is the point of Rn\mathbb{R}^n whose jjth coordinate, for j[n]j\in[n], is

(k=1Ntkxk)j=k=1Ntk(xk)j.\Bigl(\sum_{k=1}^{N}t_kx_k\Bigr)_j=\sum_{k=1}^{N}t_k\,(x_k)_j .
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