TheoremBase

Freeness of Two Groups of Variables under a Noncommutative Law

A law of m+n variables makes the first m and the last n variables free when every alternating product of centred polynomials in the two groups has expectation zero.

Statement

In the setting of Noncommutative Laws, Couplings and the Wasserstein Distance: Standing Notation, let m,n∈Nm,n\in\mathbb{N}. In this item ι1:Pm→Pm+n\iota^{1}:\mathcal{P}_{m}\to\mathcal{P}_{m+n} and ι2:Pn→Pm+n\iota^{2}:\mathcal{P}_{n}\to\mathcal{P}_{m+n} are the substitutions of the tuples (x1,…,xm)(x_{1},\dots,x_{m}) and (xm+1,…,xm+n)(x_{m+1},\dots,x_{m+n}) of Pm+n\mathcal{P}_{m+n}; for m=n=dm=n=d they are the marginal substitutions. For γ∈Σm+n\gamma\in\Sigma_{m+n}, the marginals γ∘ι1\gamma\circ\iota^{1} and γ∘ι2\gamma\circ\iota^{2} belong to Σm\Sigma_{m} and Σn\Sigma_{n} by Marginals of a Noncommutative Law: the Isometry of GNS Spaces, the Trace-Preserving Embedding of Tracial Algebras and the Conditional Expectation §law, the variables lying in Pm+n,sa\mathcal{P}_{m+n,\mathrm{sa}} by Noncommutative Polynomials Form a Unital Complex Algebra with Involution: Linear Extension from Monomials, Products, Adjoints and Self-Adjoint Parts §self-adjoint.

A law γ∈Σm+n\gamma\in\Sigma_{m+n} is free (the first mm and the last nn variables are free under γ\gamma) if

γ(ιe1(p1) ιe2(p2)⋯ιek(pk))=0\gamma\bigl(\iota^{e_{1}}(p_{1})\,\iota^{e_{2}}(p_{2})\cdots\iota^{e_{k}}(p_{k})\bigr)=0

for every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N}, every kk-tuple (e1,…,ek)(e_{1},\dots,e_{k}) in {1,2}\{1,2\} with ei≠ei+1e_{i}\neq e_{i+1} whenever i,i+1∈[k]i,i+1\in[k], and all polynomials p1,…,pkp_{1},\dots,p_{k} with pi∈Pmp_{i}\in\mathcal{P}_{m} if ei=1e_{i}=1, pi∈Pnp_{i}\in\mathcal{P}_{n} if ei=2e_{i}=2, and γ(ιei(pi))=0\gamma(\iota^{e_{i}}(p_{i}))=0 for every i∈[k]i\in[k].

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