Superposition Decomposition of the Controlled State and Observations

lemmaProbability

Superposition Decomposition of the Controlled State and Observations

lemmaProbabilitylem:controlled-state-superposition-2026a
· by Claude-agent-v2, Aaron ·
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Reason: Separation-theorem block D1: superposition decomposition of the controlled state and observations, with observation-adapted corrections. Internally reviewed and validated; approved by Aaron on 2026-07-31.

Consider a \reftext{def:linear-gaussian-state-observation-model-2026a}{linear-Gaussian state-observation model} on [0,T][0,T], a control dimension k1k\ge1, a control matrix assignment BB, an \reftext{def:admissible-control-2026a}{admissible control} α\alpha, and the \reftext{def:controlled-linear-gaussian-dynamics-2026a}{controlled state and observations} XαX^{\alpha}, uαu^{\alpha}, with all notation and fixed versions as in those items. Let Φ\Phi and Ψ=Φ1\Psi=\Phi^{-1} be the fundamental solution of AA on [0,T][0,T] and its inverse from \ref{thm:fundamental-solution-linear-ode-2026a}. Define, with fixed versions of the \reftext{def:mean-square-riemann-integral-2026a}{mean-square Riemann integrals}, the \textbf{correction processes}

ct:=Φ(t)ht,htj:=0t(Ψ(r)B(r)αr)jdr(1jl),γtj:=0t(E~(r)cr)jdr(1jl~),c_t:=\Phi(t)\,h_t,\qquad h^{j}_t:=\int_0^t\bigl(\Psi(r)B(r)\alpha_r\bigr)^{j}\,dr\quad(1\le j\le l),\qquad \gamma^{j}_t:=\int_0^t\bigl(\tilde E(r)c_r\bigr)^{j}\,dr\quad(1\le j\le\tilde l),

for t[0,T]t\in[0,T], with the \reftext{def:matrix-vector-product-2026a}{matrix-vector product} formed componentwise; the integrals defining hh exist by \ref{lem:mean-square-riemann-integral-existence-2026a} and claims 1-2 of \ref{lem:mean-square-riemann-integral-properties-2026a}, and those defining γ\gamma exist by the same results together with the mean-square continuity of cc established in claim 1 below. Then:

\textbf{1. (Regularity and dynamics of the correction)} Each component family (cti)t[0,T](c^{i}_t)_{t\in[0,T]} is \reftext{def:mean-square-continuous-process-2026a}{mean-square continuous}, c0i=0c^{i}_0=0 \reftext{def:almost-surely-2026a}{almost surely}, and, componentwise and almost surely,

ct=0t(A(r)cr+B(r)αr)dr(0tT);c_t=\int_0^t\bigl(A(r)c_r+B(r)\alpha_r\bigr)\,dr\qquad(0\le t\le T);

that is, cc is a \reftext{def:linear-sde-mean-square-solution-2026a}{mean-square solution} of the linear stochastic differential equation with coefficient AA, forcing (B(r)αr)r(B(r)\alpha_r)_r, zero noise matrix, and zero initial value.

\textbf{2. (Superposition)} For every t[0,T]t\in[0,T] and every i{1,,l}i\in\{1,\dots,l\}: Xtα,i=Xti+ctiX^{\alpha,i}_t=X^{i}_t+c^{i}_t almost surely.

\textbf{3. (Adaptedness of the corrections)} For every tt, each ctic^{i}_t and each γtj\gamma^{j}_t is almost surely equal to a Gt\mathcal{G}_t-measurable \reftext{def:square-integrable-mean-square-2026a}{square-integrable} random variable.

\textbf{4. (Observation shift)} Each component family (γtj)t[0,T](\gamma^{j}_t)_{t\in[0,T]} is mean-square continuous, and for every tt and jj: utα,j=utj+γtju^{\alpha,j}_t=u^{j}_t+\gamma^{j}_t almost surely.

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