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Convolution of a Continuous Function with a Compactly Supported Continuous Kernel

definitionAnalysisdef:convolution-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: First published version. Local definition of the convolution of a continuous function on an open subset of R^n with a continuous kernel vanishing off the closed delta-ball, defined on the delta-interior of that open set.

Statement

Let n1n\ge1 be a natural number, let \lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert be the Euclidean norm on Euclidean space Rn\mathbb{R}^n, let dd denote the Euclidean distance, a metric on each Euclidean space, and let λn\lambda_n be Lebesgue measure on the Borel σ\sigma-algebra of Rn\mathbb{R}^n. Write Bˉ(x,r)\bar B(x,r) for the closed ball in (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^n,d).

Let ΩRn\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n be open in (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^n,d), let f:ΩRf:\Omega\to\mathbb{R} be continuous on Ω\Omega as a map from (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^n,d) to (R,d)(\mathbb{R},d), let δ>0\delta>0 be a real number, and let ρ:RnR\rho:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R} be continuous on Rn\mathbb{R}^n with ρ(y)=0\rho(y)=0 for every yy with y>δ\lVert y\rVert>\delta. Let

Ωδ={xRn:Bˉ(x,δ)Ω},\Omega^{\delta}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n:\bar B(x,\delta)\subseteq\Omega\},

the set shown to be open in The δ\delta-Interior of an Open Subset of Rn\mathbb{R}^n is Open, and for xΩδx\in\Omega^{\delta} let hx:RnRh_x:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R} be given by hx(y)=f(xy)ρ(y)h_x(y)=f(x-y)\rho(y) for those yy with xyΩx-y\in\Omega and hx(y)=0h_x(y)=0 for all other yy, the difference xyx-y being that of Difference, Dot Product, and Orthogonality in Rn\mathbb{R}^n.

The convolution of ff with ρ\rho is the function fρ:ΩδRf*\rho:\Omega^{\delta}\to\mathbb{R} given by

(fρ)(x)=Rnhxdλn(xΩδ),(f*\rho)(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}h_x\,d\lambda_n\qquad(x\in\Omega^{\delta}),

the integral being that of Integrable Function and the Lebesgue Integral; it is a real number, since hxh_x is integrable by claim 1 of The Convolution Integrand is Continuous, Compactly Supported and Integrable.

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