TheoremBase

Power Series: the Sequence of Terms, the Coefficients 1/(k-1)!, and the Sum as a Map on the Set of Convergence

For a real sequence (ck)c_k), the terms ckc_k u(k−1)u^(k-1) and the coefficients 1/(k-1)! form sequences of reals, and on a set where the power series converges its sum is a map into the reals.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let (ck)(c_{k}) be a sequence in R\mathbb{R}. For u∈Ru\in\mathbb{R} and n∈N0n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, unu^{n} is the power of Powers with Exponents in the Natural Numbers with Zero (i) and Powers with Exponents in the Natural Numbers with Zero (ii), so that u0=1u^{0}=1; for k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N}, k−1∈N0k-1\in\mathbb{N}_{0} is the difference; the factorial n!n! of n∈N0n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, read in R\mathbb{R}, is its image as in Commutative Rings, Fields and Ordered Fields: Standard Notation (iv), and is nonzero by Natural Numbers and Factorials Read in the Reals: the Order Carries Over, One Is Least, and Factorials Are Positive, Recursive and Nondecreasing (iii); and convergence of a series and its sum are as in Series of Real Numbers: Partial Sums, Convergence, the Sum and Absolute Convergence (ii).

For every u∈Ru\in\mathbb{R} there is exactly one sequence in R\mathbb{R} whose kk-th term is ckuk−1c_{k}u^{k-1} for every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N}.

There is exactly one sequence in R\mathbb{R} whose kk-th term is 1/(k−1)!1/(k-1)! for every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N}.

Let E⊆RE\subseteq\mathbb{R} be such that, for every u∈Eu\in E, the series ∑k=1∞ckuk−1\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k}u^{k-1} of the sequence of (i) converges. Then there is exactly one map h:E→Rh:E\to\mathbb{R} with h(u)=∑k=1∞ckuk−1h(u)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k}u^{k-1} for every u∈Eu\in E.

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