TheoremBase

Shifted Power Maps, and Integrating a Power Bound on the Derivative of a Matrix-Valued Map

The maps r -> (r-s)^N/N! on [a,b] are differentiable, each the derivative of the next; and a matrix-valued map vanishing at s whose continuous derivative is bounded in norm by c|r-s|^N/N! is bounded in norm by c|t-s|^(N+1)/(N+1)!.

Statement

In the settings of Single-Variable Calculus on an Interval and Euclidean Space and Real Matrices: Standing Notation, let a,b∈Ra,b\in\mathbb{R} with a<ba<b and let s∈[a,b]s\in[a,b]. By Basic Facts about Intervals of the Real Line (v), [a,b][a,b] is an interval containing two distinct points, and derivatives of maps on [a,b][a,b] are taken relative to [a,b][a,b]. For N∈N0N\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, N!N! is the factorial of NN, read in R\mathbb{R}, where N!>0N!>0 by Natural Numbers and Factorials Read in the Reals: the Order Carries Over, One Is Least, and Factorials Are Positive, Recursive and Nondecreasing (iii); powers in R\mathbb{R} are as in Powers with Exponents in the Natural Numbers with Zero; and ψN:[a,b]→R\psi_{N}:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} is the map r↦(r−s)N/N!r\mapsto(r-s)^{N}/N! of (i). Differentiability and derivatives of maps [a,b]→R[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} are as in Derivative of a Real Function on an Interval (iii) and Derivative of a Real Function on an Interval (iv), and, for p,q∈Np,q\in\mathbb{N}, of maps [a,b]→Mp×q(R)[a,b]\to\mathcal{M}_{p\times q}(\mathbb{R}) as in Derivative of a Vector-Valued or Matrix-Valued Map on an Interval (iii) and Derivative of a Vector-Valued or Matrix-Valued Map on an Interval (iv); continuity on [a,b][a,b] is as in Continuity of Vector- and Matrix-Valued Maps: the Componentwise Criterion, Norms and Algebraic Operations, and ∥⋅∥\lVert\cdot\rVert is the operator norm of Euclidean Space and Real Matrices: Standing Notation (vi).

For every N∈N0N\in\mathbb{N}_{0} there is exactly one map ψN:[a,b]→R\psi_{N}:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} with ψN(r)=(r−s)N/N!\psi_{N}(r)=(r-s)^{N}/N! for every r∈[a,b]r\in[a,b]. ψ0(r)=1\psi_{0}(r)=1 for every r∈[a,b]r\in[a,b], and ψN(s)=0\psi_{N}(s)=0 for every N∈NN\in\mathbb{N}. For every N∈N0N\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, ψN\psi_{N} is differentiable and continuous on [a,b][a,b], and ψN+1′(r)=ψN(r)\psi_{N+1}'(r)=\psi_{N}(r) for every r∈[a,b]r\in[a,b].

Let p,q∈Np,q\in\mathbb{N}, let c∈Rc\in\mathbb{R} with c≥0c\ge0, let N∈N0N\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, and let E:[a,b]→Mp×q(R)E:[a,b]\to\mathcal{M}_{p\times q}(\mathbb{R}) be differentiable, with derivative E′E' continuous on [a,b][a,b], such that E(s)=0p×qE(s)=0_{p\times q} and

∥E′(r)∥≤c ∣r−s∣NN!for every r∈[a,b].\lVert E'(r)\rVert\le c\,\frac{|r-s|^{N}}{N!}\qquad\text{for every }r\in[a,b].

Then ∥E(t)∥≤c ∣t−s∣N+1/(N+1)!\lVert E(t)\rVert\le c\,|t-s|^{N+1}/(N+1)! for every t∈[a,b]t\in[a,b].

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