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Additive Laws for Vectors in Rq\mathbb{R}^q and for Real p×qp\times q Matrices: Group Laws and Rules for Differences

Vectors in RqR^q and real p x q matrices form an abelian group under addition, and their differences obey the usual rearrangement rules.

Statement

In the setting of Euclidean Space and Real Matrices: Standing Notation, let p,q∈Np,q\in\mathbb{N}, and let X,Y,Z,X′,Y′X,Y,Z,X',Y' be all in Rq\mathbb{R}^{q} or all in Mp×q(R)\mathcal{M}_{p\times q}(\mathbb{R}). Sums, negatives and differences are those of Euclidean Space Rn\mathbb{R}^n: n-Tuples of Real Numbers with Their Componentwise Operations (iv) in the first case and of Real Matrices: the Set of Real m x n Matrices with Their Entrywise Operations (iv) in the second, and 00 is the origin of Rq\mathbb{R}^{q} in the first case and the zero matrix 0p×q0_{p\times q} in the second.

X+Y=Y+XX+Y=Y+X, (X+Y)+Z=X+(Y+Z)(X+Y)+Z=X+(Y+Z), X+0=X=0+XX+0=X=0+X and X+(−X)=0X+(-X)=0.

X−X=0X-X=0, X−0=XX-0=X, 0−X=−X0-X=-X, −(−X)=X-(-X)=X, X−Y=−(Y−X)X-Y=-(Y-X), X−Y=X+(−Y)X-Y=X+(-Y), (X+Y)−(X′+Y′)=(X−X′)+(Y−Y′)(X+Y)-(X'+Y')=(X-X')+(Y-Y'), (X−Y)+Y=X(X-Y)+Y=X and (X−Y)+(Y−Z)=X−Z(X-Y)+(Y-Z)=X-Z; and if X−Y=0X-Y=0, then X=YX=Y.

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