TheoremBase

A Positive Semi-Definite Square Root Acts on Eigenvectors by the Nonnegative Square Root

Statement

Let VV together with ⟨⋅,⋅⟩\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle be a complex inner product space, and let RR be a linear operator on VV that is self-adjoint and positive semi-definite.

Let λ\lambda be a real number with 0≤λ0\le\lambda, the order being that of the ordered field of real numbers, and let μ\mu be the unique real number with 0≤μ0\le\mu and μ2=λ\mu^{2}=\lambda, which exists and is unique by Existence and Uniqueness of the Nonnegative Square Root of a Nonnegative Real Number; here μ2\mu^{2} abbreviates the product μ⋅μ\mu\cdot\mu in the field of real numbers. Real numbers are complex numbers by condition 1 of The Complex Numbers, so λv\lambda v and μv\mu v are defined for v∈Vv\in V.

Let v∈Vv\in V satisfy

R(R(v))=λv.R(R(v))=\lambda v .

Then

R(v)=μv.R(v)=\mu v .

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