A Positive Semi-Definite Square Root Acts on Eigenvectors by the Nonnegative Square Root
lemmaAnalysisLinear Algebralem:psd-square-root-eigenvector-action-2026bLet together with be a complex inner product space, and let be a linear operator on that is self-adjoint and positive semi-definite.
Let be a real number with , the order being that of the ordered field of real numbers, and let be the unique real number with and , which exists and is unique by Existence and Uniqueness of the Nonnegative Square Root of a Nonnegative Real Number; here abbreviates the product in the field of real numbers. Real numbers are complex numbers by condition 1 of The Complex Numbers, so and are defined for .
Let satisfy
Then
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